The School of Specialization in Forensic Medicine at the University of Trieste participated for the fourth consecutive year in the most important event in forensic pathology worldwide, the international conference of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences, held in Baltimore (Maryland) from February 17 to 22, 2025.

This edition, focused on technological innovation in forensic medicine, titled “Technology: a tool for transformation or tyranny?” featured a team of young doctors trained by UniTS, consisting of Davide Radaelli, Monica Concato, Stefano Di Maria, and Filippo Bolzan, who were involved in four oral presentations and two posters.

“Our newly specialized doctors and residents,” explains Professor Stefano D’Errico, professor of Forensic Medicine at the Department of Medical, Surgical, and Health Sciences at UniTS and director of the Complex Structure of Forensic Medicine at ASUGI, “presented the results achieved in a year of challenging fieldwork and the fruits of solid scientific collaborations with other Italian and international academic institutions.”

The residents' interventions referred to forensic cases collected by the Trieste Forensic Medicine department, applying a rigorous methodology that spans from the crime scene to the research laboratory, including the autopsy table. The works presented by the Trieste team were selected from thousands of submissions from around the world.

A major innovation this year was the prestigious collaboration with the interregional Scientific Police Department of Padua, which provided its expertise and resources in reconstructing and interpreting a complex suicide scenario using three-dimensional virtual animation techniques. Special interest was raised by the studies that the School of Forensic Medicine at UniTS is conducting on markers of autophagy in traumatic cranio-encephalic injuries and lipidomic profiles in sudden coronary cardiac deaths.

“As the title of the international conference suggests, forensic medicine is also a discipline that looks to the future and technological innovation,” points out Professor Stefano D’Errico. “The involvement of both medical and non-medical professionals demonstrates the value of interdisciplinarity in the search for high-quality evidence to serve the administration of justice.”

Among the works selected by the scientific board of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences is also the project for a Balkan register of sudden cardiac deaths in youth, inspired by the unique initiative of the regional register in Friuli Venezia Giulia, which involves not only UniTS but also the Universities of Belgrade, Skopje, Athens, Ankara, and Ljubljana.

The project, coordinated by the forensic medicine and cardiology departments of ASUGI, was launched following the recent international congress on the topic, held in Trieste in October 2024. “In this way,” continues Professor D’Errico, “we aim to continue the work carried out across the entire regional territory, while also exploring the role of ethnicity in the pathogenesis of sudden cardiac death.” Trieste is the leader of this project due to the experience gained, thanks to the efforts of all colleagues across the provinces who contribute to the registry, and, of course, the Region of Friuli Venezia Giulia, which has promoted and continues to support the regional register of sudden cardiac deaths in youth since 2021.

“A decisive boost in this direction,” concludes D’Errico, “will come from setting up a forensic toxicology laboratory within the Forensic Medicine Department, which, I hope, will soon meet the growing demands of citizens and local authorities engaged in safeguarding public health and rights.”

An international study, co-ordinated by the University of Trieste, in collaboration with the local health services (Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina – ASUGI), and the National Amyloidosis Centre in London, may revolutionise the prospects for early treatment of transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis (ATTR-CA), a rare and progressive heart disease caused by the abnormal accumulation of a protein – transthyretin – that is deposited in cardiac tissue, compromising its structure and function.

The study, published in the prestigious journal JAMA Cardiology and presented at the American Heart Association (AHA) Congress, analysed for the first time patients with transthyretin (ATTR) cardiac amyloid infiltration who had not yet developed signs or symptoms of heart failure. Using an advanced imaging technique, the researchers demonstrated that patients with moderate to severe cardiac infiltration (scintigraphic grades 2 and 3) already exhibited typical features of amyloid cardiomyopathy, with abnormalities visible on both echocardiogram and serum biomarkers. In these patients, the disease progressed more rapidly, with over 50% developing signs and symptoms of heart failure requiring diuretic therapy within three years of diagnosis.

Aldostefano Porcari, research assistant at the University of Trieste and first author of the publication, explains: ‘Current European and American guidelines recommend treatment with the drug tafamidis only for patients who have already developed overt heart failure. However, our study suggests that even asymptomatic patients with advanced cardiac infiltration could benefit from early treatment, potentially slowing or even halting disease progression. These findings pave the way for a possible revision of therapeutic recommendations, with the aim of intervening before the onset of symptoms.’

This study represents a key starting point for future research into cardiac amyloidosis. The findings suggest that, in the early stages of the disease, amyloid deposits may bind less tightly to the heart’s extracellular matrix — the network of proteins that provides structural support to cardiac tissue. This phenomenon could make amyloid deposits more susceptible to potential treatments. As new therapies are developed to target amyloid removal, these insights will be crucial for improving treatment effectiveness, enabling more targeted intervention in the early phases of the disease.

THE DISEASE

The term amyloidosis refers to a group of disorders characterised by the abnormal and harmful accumulation of amyloid protein in the extracellular space. Amyloidoses are multisystem diseases, and one of the organs most commonly affected is the heart. The term ‘cardiac amyloidosis’ refers specifically to heart conditions associated with amyloidosis. These diseases primarily affect men over the age of 60. Risk factors include plasma cell disorders, chronic illnesses, and genetic mutations. Currently, treatment involves specific medications depending on the type of amyloidosis diagnosed, with the aim of eliminating or stabilising the source of the amyloid-forming protein.

Until a few years ago, this condition was typically diagnosed only at an advanced stage, when the heart was already severely compromised. Today, thanks to advances in non-invasive diagnostics, it is possible to detect the disease at an earlier stage, opening up new possibilities for intervention. Although overall mortality rates were similar across patient groups, the risk of death from cardiovascular causes in patients with grade 2 and 3 cardiac infiltration was found to be approximately five times higher than in those with grade 1, where deaths were more often attributed to non-cardiac causes.

A key role was played by the use of an advanced imaging technique – bone tracer scintigraphy combined with single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and computed tomography (CT) – to identify ATTR cardiac amyloidosis in asymptomatic patients and to study disease progression in this population.

THE TEAM

The study was led by a team from the University of Trieste and ASUGI, including Aldostefano Porcari, research assistant and first author of the publication; Gianfranco Sinagra, professor in the Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences at the University of Trieste and Head of the Cardio-Thoraco-Vascular Department at Cattinara Hospital; and Valentina Allegro, a medical resident at the University of Trieste.

The research project involved a total of twelve leading international cardiology centres.

Dr. Porcari was invited to present the study’s findings in the prestigious ‘Samuel A. Levine Early Career Clinical Investigator Award’ session, an honour reserved for young researchers who have made significant contributions to clinical cardiology.

Research in this field will continue at the University of Trieste with the involvement of Rossana Bussani, Professor of Pathological Anatomy and expert in the histological assessment of cardiac and extracardiac amyloid deposits, and Gabriele Stocco, Associate Professor of Pharmacology. Together with Gianfranco Sinagra, Professor Stocco promoted the acquisition of a mass spectrometer in Trieste for the advanced characterisation of amyloid deposits. Through these initiatives, the University of Trieste aims to develop new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, with the goal of enabling earlier and more targeted interventions in the management of cardiac amyloidosis.

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Full study published in Jama Cardiology

Clinical Phenotype and Prognosis of Asymptomatic Patients With Transthyretin Cardiac Amyloid Infiltration

Aldostefano Porcari, MD1,2,3; Yousuf Razvi, MBChB, BSc1; Francesco Cappelli, MD, PhD4,5; et al

1. National Amyloidosis Centre, Division of Medicine, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom
2. Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiomyopathies, Cardiovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano-Isontina, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
3. European Reference Network for Rare, Low Prevalence and Complex Diseases of the Heart, ERN GUARD-Heart, Trieste, Italy
4. Cardiomyopathy Unit, Careggi University Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
5. Tuscan Regional Amyloidosis Centre, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy

The Italian Medicines Agency - AIFA has given the green light for the world's first clinical trial of the drug Mirtazapine in Rett Syndrome,  MirtaRett, after receiving approval from the national ethics committee for paediatric studies. 

The trial is coordinated by the University of Trieste and will be conducted in the main Italian referral hospitals for patients suffering from Rett Syndrome. It is entirely supported by non-profit grants, particularly the non-profit project ‘Angelini for future ’ from Angelini Pharma SpA, together with the Canali Onlus, Ico Falck Onlus and Amadei and Setti Onlus Foundations. The trial will be managed by the consortium for biological and pharmacological evaluations (Consorzio per Valutazioni Biologiche e Farmacologiche, CVBF), a non-profit organisation providing services for clinical research in Italy. 

The actual start of the trial will take about two months, during which UniTS, the coordinating centre, and the four clinical centres in Milan, Genoa, Siena and Messina, will set up the organisational machinery for the recruitment and treatment of the patients. The patients are exclusively female, as Rett syndrome is a genetic disorder that affects 1 in 10,000 girls and is the second most common cause of intellectual disability in females worldwide (Petriti et al. Systematic Reviews (2023) https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-023-02169).

The trial will involve a total of 54 patients aged between 5 and 40 years. They will be divided into three groups of 18 with varying age brackets (5-10, 11-17 and 18-40 years).

Rett syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by unpredictable mutations of the MECP2 gene in the reproductive cells (spermatozoa or oocytes) of completely healthy parents. Symptoms appear in the second year of life when girls begin to speak and walk, displaying rapid regression of speech and the inability to make voluntary hand movements. In later years, girls develop epileptic seizures and respiratory difficulties, which are the main cause of death. Many patients reach adulthood, albeit with severe physical and cognitive disabilities. 

Restoration experiments on the mutated gene conducted in animal subjects have demonstrated that the disorder can be completely reversed, but to date there is still no definitive cure. 

The project started in 2009, thanks to funding from Telethon, Fondazione San Paolo, Fondazione Casali, Beneficentia Stiftung and the parent associations AIRETT Onlus and ProRett Ricerca Onlus. Across15 years of study carried out in the laboratory directed by Prof. Enrico Tongiorgi at the Department of Life Sciences at the University of Trieste, abundant experimental evidence of Mirtazapine's efficacy in the recovery of certain symptoms has been collected. Further evidence in favour of the drug was then gathered through a retrospective investigation in collaboration with the Rett Reference Centre at Le Scotte Hospital in Siena, where the drug was administered as standard treatment for anxiety, repetitive behaviour and sleep disorders for a period of 1 to 5 years in 40 adult Rett patients. In addition to the beneficial effects the drug had on anxiety and sleep, the study also revealed it as being beneficial to slowing the progression of Rett syndrome, demonstrating improvements in some typical symptoms such as self-harm, irritability, motor difficulties and loss of communication skills. 

‘At the moment, no one has been able to test the effects of this drug in girls suffering from Rett syndrome yet,’ said Prof. Tongiorgi, ‘We therefore believe it is necessary to proceed with a rigorous clinical trial like the one proposed in the MirtaRett project. We have set ourselves the goal of keeping this project entirely in Italy, involving the main referral clinical centres. The trial will test the efficacy of the drug on general symptoms and in particular on motor skills, such as the use of the hand, the ability to communicate and on psychological disorders. We will also monitor the quality of sleep and the basic parameters of breathing and the heart, thanks to a new Italian-made smart T-shirt that we have tested, allowing us to make important discoveries on breathing defects in these patients.’ 
The study also involves monitoring the stress levels of caregivers and detecting biomarkers in the blood, such as neurotrophic factors, which are useful for assessing the effects of the drug on developmental recovery and plasticity of the nervous system.

Every clinical trial has high costs, but thanks to the non-profit nature of the project, it has been possible to reduce them considerably and, thanks to the generosity of donors, the hospitals in Messina, Milan and Siena will also be equipped with the instrumentation to conduct the actigraphy, and 54 smart T-shirts will be purchased. 

Centres and researchers involved in the experimentation:

Coordinator - Prof. Enrico TONGIORGI, Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste.
Partner 1 – Prof. Maria Paola CANEVINI, Dr. Ilaria VIGANÓ, ASST Ospedale Santi Paolo Carlo - Via di Rudinì 8; Milano; Prof. Aglaia VIGNOLI (MD) ‘Statale’ University of Milan.
Partner 2 – Prof. Lino NOBILI, Dr. Giulia PRATO – Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal and Child Sciences (DINOGMI), University of Genoa - Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Research Hospital, Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genoa.
Partner 3 – Dr. Salvatore GROSSO, Dr. Claudio DE FELICE – Rett Syndrome Research and Experimentation Centre - Paediatric/Neuropaediatric Unit, Mother and Child Department – Polyclinic ‘Santa Maria alle Scotte’, Siena.
Partner 4 – Prof. Gabriella DI ROSA, Dr. Antonio NICOTERA - ‘Gaetano Barresi’ Department of Human Pathology of Adults and the Age of Development, ‘G. Martino’University Polyclinic, University of Messina.

Preparations are already underway for Trieste Next – Festival of Scientific Research, whose fourteenth edition will take place from Friday 26th to Sunday 28th September.

The 2025 edition of the Festival will be dedicated to ‘Life Within: Dialogues Between Science and Technology.’

Since its first edition, Trieste Next has tackled key topics in scientific and cultural debate, from food and water to energy and the relationship between humans and technology, as well as the theme of sustainability. The 2025 edition will offer an opportunity to explore the scientific agenda for the coming years and to reflect on the new frontiers of research and innovation, along with their limitations, including ethical ones.

Trieste Next will feature three days of conferences, seminars and workshops, with over 100 events on the programme, 300 speakers and a distinguished lineup of guests. There will also be exhibition spaces in Piazza Unità d’Italia and activities dedicated to schools.

For the third consecutive year, the ‘Trieste Next Prize: Science Book of the Year’ will be awarded, celebrating the masters of scientific communication. Last year's winner was Piero Martin with ‘Storie di errori memorabili’ (Laterza).

https://www.triestenext.it/

Creating materials that behave like living tissue is an ever closer prospect thanks to a University of Trieste – Keio University (Japan) study just published in Advanced Science.

The international research team that conceived the paper consists of Pierangelo Gobbo, Professor of Organic Chemistry at the Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences at UniTS, Prof. Taisuke Banno and PhD student Tomoya Kojima from Keio University.  

The scientists have developed an innovative method for assembling ‘prototissue’ fibres from microscopic vesicles, demonstrating how it is possible to synthesise materials that mimic the behaviour of human body tissue from scratch. The process exploits the adhesion between two types of oppositely charged vesicles, which are joined by ‘salt bridges’ acting as a kind of natural glue. 

The innovation has multiple applications and is likely to revolutionise various fields from 3D bioprinting and the design of engineered tissues to the development of soft robotics for the creation of flexible and adaptable devices inspired by living organisms. 

In the clinical field, for example, it will be possible to graft such synthetic fibres tissues in vivo to support sick living tissues. Notably, some of the prototypes developed are able to detect the presence of glucose and produce a fluorescent ‘signalling’ molecule. In future, these fibres could be engineered to produce insulin in response to increased glucose, meaning it could be applied in interesting ways in the treatment of diabetes. 

The fibres could also be engineered to respond not only to chemical but also physical stimuli, such as temperature or light, and, by combining them in bundles, obtain new ‘smart’ biomimetic materials for muscle tissue repair.

The study was funded by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, the European Research Council (Starting Grant PROTOMAT) and the Next Generation EU programme (NRPP PRIN project 3D-L-INKED).
 

In the Picture: Prof. Pierangelo Gobbo, UniTS

From today, the University of Trieste and the University of Udine are connected by a quantum link running over fibre optics.

This connection marks the beginning of an infrastructure that is expected to grow rapidly, aiming to become a model for both Italy and Europe. The result of a five-year study, it is one of the key objectives of the Quantum FVG project, coordinated by the University of Trieste and funded by the Friuli Venezia Giulia Region.

The first milestone was the inauguration of the QCI Laboratory in 2024. Based at the CNR facility on the Basovizza campus within Area Science Park, the lab is dedicated to developing quantum solutions for the secure exchange of information.

The Rector of the University of Trieste, Roberto Di Lenarda, highlighted the significance of this initiative, stating that those leading technological development, in which quantum research plays a fundamental role, have the power to shape economic processes and contribute to a safer and fairer society. Through the Quantum FVG project and its future developments, the university aims to play a central role in this transformation by excelling in teaching, research, and technological innovation within this strategic field.

Similarly, the Rector of the University of Udine, Roberto Pinton, emphasised that quantum physics represents an important frontier of knowledge. He noted that, with the activation of this quantum link between Udine and Trieste, the universities of the region are making a significant contribution to research in this field. The technical expertise and experience gained over decades, dating back to the early days of the internet, have now enabled the creation of a system based on sophisticated and innovative technologies, positioning the region at the forefront of quantum communication in Italy.

The Region of Friuli Venezia Giulia has committed further funding through the 2025 Stability Law for a project called EQUIP-FVG (Extended Quantum Infrastructure Project for Friuli Venezia Giulia). This initiative will establish a permanent fibre-optic infrastructure for secure communication using quantum technology, with applications in maritime, port, and logistics operations. This experimental phase is part of a broader strategy to enhance cybersecurity and technological competitiveness. In the future, it will be extended to other critical infrastructures and cross-border projects, strengthening the security of the region’s entire logistics network and reinforcing Friuli Venezia Giulia’s leadership in strategically significant areas for the country. Regional Councillor for Labour, Education, Research, Universities, and Families, Alessia Rosolen, explained that this initiative represents one step in a wider regional effort.

In addition, Councillor for Information Systems, Sebastiano Callari, noted that this achievement has been made possible above all thanks to investments by the Region, which has developed the Regional Public Network (RPR). This fibre-optic network spans 1,600 km as a backbone and includes over 500 km of access networks in urban and industrial areas, connecting more than 1,300 public offices. For years, the regional administration has been working to improve and expand digital infrastructure, and quantum communication will now allow these networks to support highly secure applications between key nodes, including universities.

The quantum link between the two universities guarantees both security and stability. It allows for the generation of ultra-secure cryptographic keys to encrypt document exchanges, and it is not simply a demonstration of the technology. Instead, it is a permanent and stable connection, intended to be integrated into future operational services.

The University of Trieste and the University of Udine will continue collaborating to enhance its performance and integrate it into classical infrastructure such as the internet.

To establish the connection, both the acquisition of quantum communication equipment and the securing of the necessary fibre-optic network were required. The purchase of equipment was made possible thanks to the Quantum FVG project, supported by the Region of Friuli Venezia Giulia’s Department for Labour, Education, Research, Universities, and Families. The fibre-optic infrastructure, on the other hand, was provided with the support of the Department for Public Assets, State Property, General Services, and Information Systems. 

A key role was played by LightNet, which will also be responsible for the technical management of the infrastructure.

This quantum link is part of a broader vision. The Friuli Venezia Giulia Region, through the QuFree project, has allocated additional funds to explore quantum communication via free-space optics, the equivalent of radio links, instead of using fibre optics. The goal is to secure communications for recipients who cannot be connected via fibre, such as ships.

Finally, preparations are underway for a European project that will extend the quantum network eastward to include Slovenia.

In the photo: a shot from the presentation of the conference at the University of Trieste

A study has just been published in the international scientific journal Science of the Total Environment, which involved measuring mercury levels in the hair of fisherman and people working in the fishing industry in the Marano and Grado lagoon, one of the largest in Europe. 

The study was conducted by Luca Cegolon (UCO of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine of UniTS) in collaboration with Giuseppe Mastrangelo (University of Padua), the MercuRILab research group of the University of Trieste (directed by Stefano Covelli) and UniTS’s Occupational Medicine Department (directed by Francesca Larese Filon). 

The Marano and Grado lagoon was identified as a Site of National Interest (SNI) due to contamination from centuries-old mercury ore (cinnabar) from the Soča/Isonzo river draining into the Idria mining district in Slovenia (the second largest natural deposit in the world after Almaden in Spain). Inorganic forms of mercury were also present in the contamination, and came from uncontrolled industrial discharge. 

In the eastern sector of the lagoon, at the mouth of the Isonzo river, previous studies detected mercury concentrations of up to 11 mg/kg in sediments, gradually decreasing to 5 mg/kg in the central area and 0.7 mg/kg in the western sector. 

While the contamination of the eastern sector of the Lagoon was mainly attributable to mercury of mineral origin (cinnabar or mercury sulphide) from the Isonzo river, the mercury detected near the mouth of the Aussa-Corno river had an inorganic component, of industrial origin. 

The investigation by the University of Trieste, carried out in early 2024 in Marano Lagunare, compared the concentration of mercury in the hair of 73 fishermen (32 from the open sea, 30 from the lagoon and 11 mixed) and 83 local residents working in the fishing industry, with 93 residents from the Belluno area (mainly farmers). The survey focused on this group of people as they inevitably have greater access and availability to fish consumption than the general population. Residents from a mountainous area were chosen as the comparison category for the opposite reason. 

The average level of mercury detected in fishermen (2.56 mg/kg) and workers of the industry (2.31 mg/kg) was significantly higher than that of farmers in the Dolomites (0.58 mg/kg) and increased with the consumption of local fish, particularly fresh fish. An increase was also detected in categories such as fishermen, fish sellers or restaurateurs.

Although these values are slightly above the limit (2 mg/kg) recommended by the World Health Organisation, these concentrations are still well below 11.5 mg/kg, the limit below which no adverse effects on human health have been observed to date. The current situation, therefore, can be considered balanced, and does not contraindicate the consumption of fish from the lagoon. This is also true since fish carries selenium, a chemical element which offsets the effects of mercury. However, it is recommended that pregnant women and growing children limit their consumption of fresh fish to no more than one meal per week.

Trieste once again takes centre stage as hub of science communication, with the local selections of FameLab 2025 taking place. The competition, which challenges students, researchers and research fellows to introduce a scientific topic in their field of study in just three minutes, will take place on Friday 4th April 2025, from 9:00 to 13:00, in Sala Luttazzi (Warehouse 26, Trieste Old Port). 

Participants will have to capture the attention of a non-expert audience without the aid of projections or videos, relying solely on their own talent and perhaps with the addition of supporting objects that do not require complex set-ups. Each contestant will present two speeches of a three-minute duration: one during the pre-selection phase and, if they qualify, one during the final selection. At the end of the day, the jury will elect the two winners who will go on to the next stage of the competition.

The initiative also includes a free seminar, held on 24th March in the Polo Giovani Toti (Via del Castello 1, Trieste), where science communicator Donato Ramani and actress Daniela Gattorno will offer advice on narrative structure and stage performance. 

Next steps

The winners of the local selection will be invited to Perugia from 13th to 15th June 2025 to take part in the FameLab Masterclass, an intensive workshop where international experts will guide them in refining their communication skills. Afterwards, the two contestants will take part in the national final, also in Perugia, and scheduled for 27th September 2025. Finally, the winner of FameLab Italia 2025 will represent the country in the international final at the end of November, where they will compete against talents from all over the world.

Requirements

The competition is open to researchers, research assistants, research and development professionals (with a master's degree) or post-graduate students born after 1st January 1990. 

Applicants must come from a STEM field, medical or humanities background (e.g., anthropology, archaeology, economics, philosophy, geography, law, linguistics, literature, psychology, political science, sociology, history and art history). 

In addition, people who have already participated in the national final or masterclass in previous editions or who have worked professionally in the field of science communication are not permitted to enter.

Prizes

The winner of the local selection will be awarded a cash prize of € 400 and will have the opportunity to participate in the national final and masterclass. In addition, they will be able to attend a course of the Master in Science Communication ‘Franco Prattico’ at SISSA in Trieste. 

The runner-up will also receive a cash prize of € 200 and attend both the national final and the masterclass.

Registration

Registration is done through an online form, and is open until Thursday 27th March 2025. 

Info on www.immaginarioscientifico.it; info@immaginarioscientifico.it. 

The local selection is organised by Immaginario Scientifico Science Museum, the University of Trieste, the University of Udine, SISSA – International School of Advanced Studies and the Municipality of Trieste, within the framework of the Memorandum of Understanding ‘Trieste City of Knowledge’.

The International Day of Women and Girls in Science, established by the United Nations in 2015 and observed on 11 th February, recognises the crucial role women play in the global scientific community.

The aim of this day is to promote full and equal participation of women in science, overcoming historical and cultural barriers that have often hindered their access to STEM careers.

According to recent UNESCO data, only 33% of researchers worldwide are women, with even lower figures in key fields such as artificial intelligence and robotics. Furthermore, women are less likely to receive research funding or hold leadership positions in scientific institutions.

The European Commission’s "SHE Figures" report reveals that women make up just 24% of senior positions in universities and research centres across Europe. This gap is even wider in the private sector and industry, where women in leadership roles related to science and innovation remain a minority.

Promoting gender equality in science is not just a matter of social justice; it means valuing diverse talents and perspectives, fostering a more inclusive and innovative scientific community, and improving our ability to tackle global challenges effectively.

UniTS in numbers (Source: Italian Ministry of Universities and Research - MUR)
The majority of students at our university are women, accounting for 60% of enrolments.
In the field of Engineering, Manufacturing and Construction, women make up 28%, while in Natural Sciences, Mathematics and Statistics, they account for nearly 50%.
In both areas, the presence of women has increased significantly compared to a decade ago.

 

The loss of genetic diversity exposes many species to a higher risk of extinction, making them more vulnerable to ongoing environmental changes. However, the good news is that effective strategies can be implemented to counteract this phenomenon, and we can all play a role in supporting them.

This is the key finding of a study conducted by a team of 57 scientists from 20 countries, who analysed over 80,000 scientific papers published in the last thirty years. Their research synthesises evidence of genetic diversity loss in 628 species (including animals, plants, fungi, and chromists) across terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. The study, published in the prestigious journal Nature (read the article), highlights a concerning decline in genetic variability across many species: a crucial factor for their resilience and ability to adapt to environmental changes.

Among the study’s authors is Chiara Manfrin, a zoologist and researcher at the University of Trieste’s Department of Life Sciences, who contributed to the analysis of genetic variability loss in aquatic species. ‘This was a meticulous process of data collection and filtering, as many studies did not meet the minimum requirements for genetic information and were therefore excluded from the dataset,’ explains Manfrin. ‘My role involved analysing the selected articles using a keyword-based approach.’

‘Each researcher,’ she continues, ‘contributed their dataset to a global collection of genetic data essential for assessing genetic diversity loss. Specifically, I focused on studies concerning aquatic fauna.’

The study revealed that genetic diversity loss is more pronounced in species facing significant environmental pressures. Habitat destruction, urban expansion, intensive agriculture, the introduction of new diseases, the effects of natural disasters such as wildfires and floods, and direct human activities (including hunting and deforestation) are among the primary drivers. Populations with reduced genetic variability are more vulnerable and less able to adapt to new environmental conditions, increasing their long-term extinction risk.

However, the research also shows that conservation strategies can not only mitigate genetic diversity loss but even promote its recovery. Protecting natural habitats and maintaining connections between populations enable genetic exchange between different groups, strengthening their resilience. Targeted restocking with individuals from genetically diverse populations has already yielded positive results in numerous conservation projects.

Advances in genetic monitoring technologies, such as DNA sequencing and advanced data analysis, are providing increasingly precise tools for understanding biodiversity trends and implementing targeted conservation efforts.

The study also emphasises the importance of everyday actions that can help preserve genetic diversity. Protecting biodiversity starts locally, for example, by planting native species in gardens to support habitat connectivity and provide resources for pollinators, choosing traditional agricultural varieties to maintain genetic richness in the food system, or collaborating with conservation groups to protect endangered species. Even small actions, such as avoiding the unintentional transport of plants, seeds, or soil to new areas to prevent the spread of pests and diseases, can contribute significantly to biodiversity conservation.

For a broader, public-oriented overview of the study, The Conversation has published an in-depth article (read the article) explaining the research findings and their implications for biodiversity conservation.