An official delegation from the University of Trieste took part in Mbeya, Tanzania, in the launch event of the international development cooperation project Towards the next generation of sustainable quality coffee producers in South Tanzania (TNG), funded by the Italian Agency for Development Cooperation and coordinated by the Friuli Venezia Giulia Region.

The mission, which took place in the Mbeya region, in the Southern Highlands, marked an important step in the operational launch of the 36-month project and in the strengthening of institutional, scientific and educational relations between the University of Trieste and local partners. UniTS is involved in the project through three of its Departments – IUSLIT, DEAMS and DSV – confirming the interdisciplinary nature of the University’s contribution. The official delegation in Tanzania was composed of Prof. Ilaria Micheli, from the Department of Legal, Language, Interpreting and Translation Studies, coordinator of the project activities planned by the University, and Dr Matteo Carzedda, from the Department of Economics, Business, Mathematics and Statistics.

The TNG project is based on a broad partnership that brings together, alongside the University of Trieste, Illycaffè, the Ernesto Illy Foundation, the Bari branch of CIHEAM – Mediterranean Agronomic Institute, the Regions of Mbeya, Songwe and Ruvuma, and the civil society organisation Café Africa – Tanzanian Branch.

The project aims to reach at least 12,000 local coffee producers in Southern Tanzania, contributing to the improvement of the production chain and to the development of a more sustainable, informed and resilient model. Within this framework, the role of UniTS is twofold, combining applied scientific research and knowledge transfer.

The research activities will focus on understanding the effects of climate change on the territory and identifying possible mitigation strategies, with the contribution of Giovanni Bacaro and Alberto Pallavicini from DSV; enhancing local practices and facilitating communication between farmers and trainers through the creation of multilingual technical-cultural vocabularies and manuals, under the coordination of Ilaria Micheli; and identifying economic and agricultural strategies suited to the local context, with the aim of strengthening farmers and improving the value of the raw material in the early stages of the value chain, with the contribution of Matteo Carzedda, Gianluigi Gallenti, Giuseppe Borruso and Barbara Campisi. Based on the evidence emerging from the research activities, the most appropriate content and methods will be defined for the training of local stakeholders and beneficiaries.

The official launch of the project took place in the conference hall of the Eden Highlands Hotel in Mbeya, in the presence of the Italian Ambassador to Tanzania, Giuseppe Sean Coppola, a UniTS alumnus; Paolo Razzini, AICS representative in Tanzania; Stefano Zannier, Friuli Venezia Giulia Regional Councillor for Agri-food, Forestry, Fishery and Mountain Resources; the highest authorities of the governments of the three Southern Tanzanian Regions involved in the project; and representatives of the Mbeya University of Science and Technology (MUST) and the Catholic University of Mbeya (CUoM), which will support the University of Trieste in its activities on site.

During the meeting, Ambassador Giuseppe Sean Coppola and Paolo Razzini highlighted the value of a particularly broad and diversified partnership, in which public bodies, universities, research institutions, companies and civil society organisations work together to pursue common goals. Research, technology transfer and training are the three pillars on which to build a shared development pathway, capable of generating concrete benefits for local communities and for the coffee supply chain as a whole.

The presence of the UniTS delegation in Tanzania also made it possible to strengthen cooperation with local academic institutions. The University’s representatives met with colleagues from MUST and CUoM to define how the two universities will support the project and to lay the foundations for future joint initiatives in the fields of development cooperation, research and international exchange of academic staff, technical and administrative staff, and students.

These collaborations will be developed within the framework of Memoranda of Understanding involving the University as a whole. The first agreement, with the Catholic University of Mbeya, was signed during the project launch, in the presence of the Italian Ambassador, the Regional Councillor and the Bishop of Mbeya, Wolfgang Pisa. The process for signing the agreement with the Mbeya University of Science and Technology is also nearing completion.

The mission also allowed the UniTS delegation to learn more about other international cooperation projects funded by AICS in the Mbeya region and carried out by civil society organisations and Italian volunteers, with particular attention to initiatives dedicated to children with disabilities. In this context, the delegation also visited the Utengule Coffee Plantation, one of the most advanced local organisations in coffee cultivation and selection, with which promising synergies were identified for the next phases of the project.

A significant part of the mission was also devoted to observing field training activities for operators of central coffee pulping units and for representatives of local AMCOS cooperatives in the Mbeya and Songwe regions. The training, led by Francesca Pellis and Gianluca Malvicini from Illycaffè, provided an initial opportunity for operational discussion on the needs of the supply chain and on the most effective ways to support local producers in improving the quality and sustainability of the production process.

The next step for the University of Trieste will be the selection of three research fellows who will support the academic staff in the field activities. The fellows will acquire specific skills and work closely with local networks, contributing to the continuity of the project activities and to their long-term integration within the territory.

Accessible tourism does not begin when people reach their destination, but much earlier: when someone looks for information, checks whether a facility truly meets their needs and tries to understand whether they will be able to enjoy an experience independently and safely.

This is one of the main messages that emerged from the final event of DATIS – Digital Pioneers of Accessible Tourism, a project funded by the Interreg VI-A Italy-Slovenia 2021-2027 Programme, held on Tuesday 19 May 2026 at the Grand Hotel Entourage in Gorizia. The event, entitled Accessible tourism starts with accessible information, provided an opportunity to present the results to tourism and social-sector operators, institutions, organisations representing people with disabilities, researchers and accessibility experts from Italy and Slovenia.

In this process, the University of Trieste played a central role through its Department of Political and Social Sciences, contributing to the development of the project’s scientific basis and to the analysis of the real needs of the people involved. The research coordinated by UniTS collected more than 400 questionnaires from people with disabilities, interviewed online and in person, and explored the topic further through interviews and focus groups with around 50 people with visual, cognitive and mental disabilities, as well as operators, caregivers and family members.

The work was led for UniTS by Moreno Zago, Professor of Responsible Tourism Practices, with the support of the Quolity team, composed of Luca Bianchi, Marta Candussi and Francesca Samogizio. The University’s contribution made it possible to translate data, experiences and testimonies into useful guidance for tourism operators, institutions and local communities, with the aim of designing more accessible services, more reliable information and genuinely inclusive pathways.

Through a cross-border sample survey, in-depth interviews with people with disabilities, and analyses of accommodation facilities and tourism websites, DATIS connected physical, digital and communication accessibility, highlighting how decisive the quality of information is in making travel a truly possible and inclusive experience.

One figure shows the relevance of the issue particularly clearly: for more than 90 per cent of people with motor, sensory, cognitive or age-related disabilities, travelling is considered quite or very important. Travel is not only a leisure activity, but an experience that contributes to physical and mental well-being, strengthens autonomy and self-confidence, and helps counter social isolation.

At the same time, barriers continue to limit the right to travel for all. These are not only physical obstacles, but also incomplete, poorly readable or unreliable information, which can generate “false accessibility”: facilities or services presented as accessible, but not actually suited to people’s needs. Although respondents generally reported being treated respectfully, only 17 per cent of the people involved considered staff adequately prepared to respond to the needs and expectations of people with disabilities.

Digital tools are now one of the main gateways to travel: almost 60 per cent of the people involved use online tools to organise their tourism experiences. However, one third of the sample avoided choosing a destination precisely because of the lack of accessible information online. Complex navigation, poorly readable texts, lack of inclusive support tools and inaccessible content can become barriers as concrete as an architectural obstacle.

The analysis carried out as part of DATIS on 100 tourism websites in the cross-border area confirmed this critical issue: many portals are visually modern and technically structured, but still not fully usable by everyone. The average level of digital accessibility detected was 37 per cent for Slovenian tourism operators and 40 per cent for Italian operators.

The project’s results also include the DATIS web database, designed to make information on the digital accessibility of tourism operators in the cross-border area more visible and verifiable, together with guidelines and a strategy for more accessible tourism communication. These are useful tools both for people planning their journey and for operators seeking to improve the quality and clarity of the information they provide.

Specific attention was also given to pilot activities carried out at the Museums of Monte San Michele in Sagrado and the Museum of Industrial Heritage in Ajdovščina, involving people with visual, cognitive and mental disabilities. The pilot activities showed how immersive technologies, digital accessibility and multisensory content can transform cultural heritage into a more inclusive experience, provided that the solutions are simple, accessible and accompanied by adequate human support.

The direct involvement of people with disabilities is one of the central elements to emerge from the project. Accessible solutions cannot be designed solely on the basis of formal standards or technical checks, but must be built through listening to users, co-design and the concrete evaluation of experiences.

Climate change can significantly affect wine quality, but its effects are not the same across all varieties. This is the focus of the study Climate and the quality of wine: Whites vs. reds, published in Open Access in the Journal of Cleaner Production and conducted by a UniTS research group.

The study is authored by Giovanni Millo, Paolo Bogoni, Barbara Campisi, Matteo Carzedda, Gianluigi Gallenti, Valentino Riva and Gaetano Carmeci. The work is part of the project “Climate change and sustainability of viticulture in the Collio Goriziano area”, launched within the Department of Economics, Business, Mathematics and Statistics “Bruno de Finetti” (DEAMS) and funded by Fondazione Cassa di Risparmio di Gorizia.

The study focuses on Collio, a wine-growing area in Friuli Venezia Giulia where both white and red wines are produced, offering a suitable context for a comparative analysis of the effects of weather conditions on wine quality. The aim of the research is to understand how climate variables, such as temperatures and seasonal patterns, may influence the final quality of the product.

Wine quality depends on many factors. Some are relatively stable or controllable, such as soil, winemaking techniques and the characteristics of the territory. Others, however, are beyond the producers’ control, such as climate, weather variability and extreme events.

The results show that white wines respond to weather conditions differently from red wines. In particular, the study highlights a delicate balance between spring and summer temperatures, with effects that may vary significantly even between individual varieties. Climate change, therefore, does not produce uniform consequences, but requires specific analyses by territory, grape variety and type of wine.

The study provides useful insights not only from a scientific perspective, but also for producers and policymakers. Understanding which varieties are more or less sensitive to climate conditions can help define adaptation strategies, including targeted choices in vineyard management and in the selection of the varieties best suited to new climate scenarios.

The research project also had an educational impact: the funding made it possible to support a two-year research fellowship, which later developed into a doctoral path within the University’s PhD Programme in Circular Economy.

Silvia Palmisano, Director of the UniTS School of Specialization in General Surgery, has been appointed member of the European Surgical Association (ESA).

The appointment confirms the value and visibility of the Trieste surgical school within the European context, further strengthening the role of the University as a centre of excellence in medical and surgical education and research.

Founded in 1993, the European Surgical Association is one of the most prestigious surgical organizations in Europe and serves as a leading reference point for the promotion of science and research in the field of surgery. ESA plays a central role as an international forum for presenting state-of-the-art developments and the most advanced innovations in both general and specialist surgery, contributing to the continuous improvement of professional standards.

Its members come from leading European academic and medical institutions and represent excellence in the field, sharing knowledge, experience and research outcomes at an international level.

Dr Antonella Muzzo, research fellow at the University of Trieste, has received the ASCPT Presidential Trainee Award, a prestigious recognition granted by the American Society for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (ASCPT) to early-career researchers who have distinguished themselves for scientific excellence.

Each year, the Scientific Program Committee selects the highest-scoring abstracts submitted by clinical pharmacologists and translational researchers in training, granting them special recognition as part of the Society’s Annual Meeting.

The award was granted for the doctoral research project carried out at the Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences of the University of Trieste and at IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, under the supervision of Professors Marianna Lucafò, Giuliana Decorti and Gabriele Stocco.

The work was presented as a poster entitled “Thiopurine treatment responses in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease are determined by a newly identified TRIM32-cGAS-STING pathway: a pharmacokinetic study in organoids”.

The project also involved the Department of Life Sciences, with which Professors Lucafò and Meroni and Dr Lazzari are affiliated.

The study provides an integrated analysis of the molecular and pharmacokinetic mechanisms that regulate the response to thiopurines in paediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), using an innovative, patient-specific preclinical model: intestinal organoids derived from patients affected by IBD.

For the first time, the research demonstrates that thiopurines exert direct pharmacological effects on intestinal epithelial cells, in addition to their well-known systemic immunosuppressive actions. The findings also highlight significant interindividual variability in treatment response, mainly determined by pharmacokinetic factors.

At the intestinal cell level, thiopurines show an anti-inflammatory effect by acting on specific molecular mechanisms involved in inflammation, including the TRIM32-cGAS-STING and NF-κB/p65 pathways.

Overall, these findings contribute to the development of personalised therapeutic strategies and to the identification of new potential therapeutic approaches in the paediatric field.

Monitoring the progression of advanced cutaneous melanoma through a simple blood draw or urine sample, in order to obtain information that can help personalise therapies and make them less invasive for patients. This is the goal of EXOMEL, the new research project coordinated by the University of Trieste, which will study the use of liquid biopsy to monitor a form of cancer in which the ability to observe disease progression accurately can have a significant impact on therapeutic decisions.

The project, entitled “Exosomal microRNA from liquid biopsy for the monitoring and personalisation of treatments for advanced cutaneous melanoma”, aims to develop and validate innovative diagnostic technologies, shared among the clinical centres involved, to make treatments increasingly targeted, effective and tailored to the characteristics of each patient. The most innovative aspect concerns the use of urine samples as a form of liquid biopsy: EXOMEL will study exosomes, small vesicles involved in communication between cells, and the microRNAs they carry, with the aim of identifying a combination of biological signals that may help distinguish patients who respond to immunotherapy from those who do not.

EXOMEL is funded by the Interreg VI-A Italy–Austria 2021–2027 cross-border cooperation programme, with support from the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), for a total amount of 572,055.59 euros. The project, which will end on 31 March 2028, confirms the value of international cooperation in cancer research, bringing together healthcare institutions, universities and technological expertise from Italy and Austria.

The University of Trieste acts as lead partner and coordinates the project activities through its Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, involving a research team composed of Serena Bonin, Iris Zalaudek, Ilaria Gandin and Gabriele Grassi.

The partnership also includes the South Tyrol Health Authority, with the hospitals of Bruneck and Bolzano, an Italian small and medium-sized enterprise, and the University Clinic of Dermatology and Allergology of Paracelsus Medical University in Salzburg.

“At the heart of EXOMEL,” explains Serena Bonin, lecturer in Technical Sciences of Laboratory Medicine at the University of Trieste and principal investigator of the project, “is the development and validation of liquid biopsy, a diagnostic approach that makes it possible to obtain relevant information about the disease from biological samples that are easy to collect, such as blood or urine. Today, plasma liquid biopsy is used mainly in research to detect circulating tumour DNA, that is DNA carrying tumour-specific mutations. However, this approach requires the mutations to be monitored to be already known. With EXOMEL, we instead want to study the microRNAs contained in exosomes, vesicles through which cells communicate with one another, to verify whether a combination of them can help discriminate between patients with advanced cutaneous melanoma who respond to immunotherapy and those who do not.

At present,” Bonin adds, “there are no predictive biomarkers used in hospital practice to systematically guide these therapeutic choices. For this reason, the aim of the project is to contribute to the development of tools that are more accessible, repeatable and potentially useful for the personalisation of treatments.”

During the project, liquid biopsy technology will be extended to the study of urine samples and applied in the clinical centres involved through the development of common and standardised protocols. This step will make it possible to test the robustness of the approach in different clinical settings, harmonise diagnostic practices among the partner healthcare facilities and foster the creation of a stable collaborative network between Italy and Austria.

The expected results may also have an impact beyond the strictly academic and clinical fields. EXOMEL may contribute to the development of new diagnostic tools based on liquid biopsy, opening up possible prospects for technology transfer and industrial valorisation of research, including through the interest of companies active in the biomedical and diagnostic sectors.

The security of supply chains is now one of the European Union’s central concerns, especially in strategic sectors such as critical minerals and rare earths. It is from this perspective that the new policy report by Federico Donelli, Professor of International Relations at the University of Trieste, and Riccardo Gasco begins, identifying Turkey as a possible partner in strengthening Europe’s industrial resilience.

Published by the Istanbul Political Research Institute (IstanPol) as part of the Foreign Policy Program series (April 2026-004), with the support of the Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung Foundation Turkey Representation, the report, entitled Critical Minerals, Rare Earths, and the Türkiye–EU Partnership. Supply Chain Resilience and the Restructuring of the Global Order, examines the relationship between strategic raw materials, economic security and European industrial policy, focusing on the role Turkey could play in building more resilient supply chains.

The report shows how supply chains have taken on growing importance in international competition and highlights, in particular, the issue of rare earth processing and refining. According to the authors, it is especially in this segment of the value chain that one of Europe’s main vulnerabilities can now be seen, also in light of the strong concentration of capacity in China.

Against this backdrop, Turkey is presented as a potentially important partner for the European Union, both because of its geographical proximity and because of its industrial base, refining capacity and already established economic ties with the European market. The paper also points to the existence of a Turkish national strategy aimed at strengthening the critical minerals sector and recalls, among the relevant factors, the role the country already plays in certain supply chains.

Alongside these strengths, the study also highlights the limits of the current European framework. The authors note that, although the Critical Raw Materials Act sets out important strategic goals, it is still facing difficulties in the implementation phase. At the same time, the report identifies a number of open issues for Turkey, linked to governance in the mining sector, environmental standards, deposit certification and the broader political and diplomatic context shaping relations with Brussels.

“The report,” explains Federico Donelli, “also connects the issue of critical minerals to the broader evolution of the international order. From this perspective, the conflict with Iran is cited as a factor that has made even more evident the interdependence between energy, logistics, the defence industry and raw material supply, reinforcing the need for Europe to equip itself with more effective tools of economic and strategic resilience.”

In its concluding section, the report sets out six recommendations addressed to the European Commission, Member States and the Turkish government. Among them, the authors point to the opportunity to launch a formal strategic partnership between the European Union and Turkey on critical raw materials, direct European investment towards processing and refining infrastructure in Turkey, and establish a joint working group focused on supply chain resilience and the modernisation of the Customs Union.

The paper also suggests making use of the current phase of regional instability to strengthen coordination between the two sides in the energy field, developing a joint pilot plant for rare earth processing, and ensuring a more timely European presence in the main international forums where priorities and frameworks for the sector are being defined.

Federico Donelli’s contribution is part of his broader research path devoted to new geopolitical configurations and the role of regional actors in the Euro-Mediterranean, Middle Eastern and African areas. In this case, the focus on relations between the European Union and Turkey provides a useful perspective on an issue that directly affects Europe’s industrial policy, economic security and international positioning.

Joint second place with Ca' Foscari University of Venice among medium-sized universities in the North-East in the evaluation of scientific publications by researchers who achieved career advancement between 2020 and 2024, and ninth place among Italian universities overall.

Second among all universities in the North-East for knowledge valorization/public and social engagement, and seventh nationally, ahead of even very large universities.

From the first snapshot emerging from the 2020–2024 Research Quality Evaluation (VQR) carried out by ANVUR (National Agency for the Evaluation of the University and Research System), UniTS stands out as a university with an overall evaluation of publications above the national average, where deserving researchers are promoted and, above all, as a hub of research with a strong impact on society.

This latter indicator, in detail, assesses the value generated “outside the University” in terms of impact on the local area and society: social and territorial projects and lifelong learning, public engagement, research with an impact on health, well-being, sustainability and inclusion, technology transfer, and academic entrepreneurship.

The VQR evaluated articles, monographs, and other research outputs totaling 199,816 products, compared to approximately 182,000 submitted in the previous 2015–2019 assessment. More than 75,800 researchers were accredited. The number of universities considered also increased, reaching 100. The works were divided among 19 Evaluation Expert Panels (GEV), composed overall of 719 disciplinary experts and 37 interdisciplinary experts from Italian and international institutions. In addition, more than 6,740 international external reviewers were involved in the evaluation.

The heartbeat helps slow the growth of tumors in cardiac tissue. This is the finding of an international study published in Science, coordinated by the University of Trieste in collaboration with the International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB) and the Monzino Cardiology Center IRCCS. 

The study, entitled Mechanical load inhibits tumor growth in mouse and human hearts, draws attention to a still little-explored aspect of cancer biology: the physical forces acting in the myocardium do not merely regulate heart function, but can also influence the behavior of tumor cells, even to the point of slowing their proliferation. 

The research involved partners in Italy, Austria, Germany, Norway, and the United Kingdom, including the European Institute of Oncology, the Medical University of Innsbruck, King’s College London, the University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, and the Simula Research Laboratory in Oslo. This broad and integrated network made it possible to combine experimental, clinical, bioengineering, and computational expertise. 

The work began from a medical observation that has long been known but remains only partly understood in its underlying mechanisms: the heart develops tumors very rarely and, even when it is affected by metastases, these tend to be smaller than those found in other organs. The researchers therefore investigated whether one explanation might lie precisely in the mechanical nature of cardiac tissue, which is constantly subjected to contraction, pressure, and deformation. 

To do so, they used different and innovative experimental models. On the one hand, they studied what happens when the heart is mechanically “unloaded”: under these conditions, tumor cells proliferate much more extensively. On the other hand, they used engineered cardiac tissues grown in the laboratory, where they were able to modulate mechanical load and directly observe the response of tumor cells. 

The result was consistent: when cardiac tissue beats and generates mechanical load, tumor growth slows down; when this stimulus is reduced, tumor cells resume proliferating. 

“Our findings show that cardiac pulsation is not only a physiological function, but can also act as a natural suppressor of tumor growth,” said Professor Serena Zacchigna, Professor of Molecular Biology at the University of Trieste and head of the Cardiovascular Biology laboratory at ICGEB. “This suggests that the cardiac environment is unfavorable to tumor cells not only for immunological or metabolic reasons, but also because its continuous mechanical activity physically limits their expansion.” 

Professor Giulio Pompilio, Scientific Director of the Monzino Cardiology Center IRCCS and Professor of Cardiac Surgery at the Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences of the University of Milan, added: “One of the most fascinating aspects of this research is that it shows how the mechanical forces regulating heart activity, already known to create an environment hostile to its regenerative ability, conversely exert a beneficial biological action in counteracting tumor growth. Perhaps these are two sides of the same coin. I would also like to stress that this work was made possible thanks to the collaboration of experts from different fields, ranging from cardiology to oncology, bioengineering, and bioinformatics.” 

The most interesting finding concerns the level at which this effect occurs. The study shows that the mechanical forces exerted by the heart do not stop at the surface of tumor cells, but also affect internal mechanisms that regulate their ability to multiply. 

This is an important step because it concretely links the mechanical dimension of the cellular environment with the epigenetic regulation of the tumor. In other words, the heart may be hostile to tumor cells not only for immunological or metabolic reasons, but also because its very movement physically limits their expansion. 

Another major strength of the study lies in its ability to connect basic research with clinical observation. The results obtained in experimental models were compared with human cardiac metastases, analyzed in parallel with lesions located in other organs of the same patients. This made it possible to verify that the molecular signatures observed in the laboratory are also found in human samples, reinforcing the robustness of the work and its potential impact. 

This research opens up a potentially transformative direction: understanding whether and how mechanical stimuli might one day be harnessed as a therapeutic tool against cancer. The idea that a “mechanical therapy” could complement or inspire new oncological strategies still remains to be developed, but the principle emerging from the study is clear: physical forces are not just a backdrop to disease, but could represent an important brake on it. 

Antonio Luca Cucchiara, a resident physician in the Dermatology Specialization School of the Università degli Studi di Trieste, is the winner of the “Current topics in acariasis” section of the 4th Logofarma Award conferred by SIDeMaST.

“The idea of presenting the clinical case that won the award came from observing an atypical presentation of scabies with involvement of the nail apparatus, which made diagnosis and treatment particularly complex,” explains Cucchiara. “Scabies is an increasingly common parasitic infection in the general population and represents a highly relevant current issue. This work highlights the role of dermoscopy and the importance of a careful evaluation of the nails as well, in order to facilitate the diagnosis and treatment of the disease.”

SIDeMaST is the leading Italian scientific society in the field of dermatology. It brings together dermatologists, researchers, and healthcare professionals engaged in the study, prevention, and treatment of skin diseases and sexually transmitted infections. The organization aims to promote scientific research, disseminate up-to-date knowledge, and improve the quality of dermatological care in Italy.