Every tumour carries a kind of fingerprint: a set of mutations that, indirectly, tells the story of the biological processes that produced them—from DNA replication errors to faults in repair mechanisms, all the way to specific exposures or treatments.

Building on this idea of a “signature” (mutational signature), a research team at the University of Trieste—made up of PhD students from the Applied Data Science and Artificial Intelligence programme and coordinated by Prof. Giulio Caravagna—developed BASCULE, a statistical framework that uses Bayesian inference to combine existing knowledge and update the analysis as new data become available. The goal is to make the identification of mutational signatures more robust, enable the discovery of signals not yet catalogued and group samples into interpretable molecular subtypes. The study, published in Genome Biology, lists Elena Buscaroli and Azad Sadr as first authors.

In the DNA of tumour cells, mutations do not appear at random: they tend to cluster into recurring combinations. These patterns—mutational signatures—can be read as the cumulative effect of specific mutagenic processes. In other words, by looking at which types of mutations prevail and how they are distributed, it is possible to formulate plausible hypotheses about what has driven the tumour’s evolution.

In recent years, thanks to large genomic datasets, several catalogues of signatures have been proposed. However, catalogues built with different methods may not fully overlap, and the analysis can become difficult to compare or standardise.

BASCULE was created to address exactly this point: to use existing catalogues as an informative starting point, without giving up the possibility of identifying new signatures when the data suggest them.

The method adopts a Bayesian approach: rather than treating the analysis as a “blank page”, it introduces an initial body of knowledge (priors—i.e., plausible prior information) and updates it with the evidence observed in the data. This is especially useful when dealing with complex signals: it anchors interpretation to what is already known, while also making uncertainty clearer and helping recognise when something truly distinct emerges from previously catalogued signatures.

Once it estimates, for each sample, how much each mutational signature is “present” (in practice, how much it weighs in the observed mutation profile), BASCULE can also bring together samples that look alike, forming groups with shared characteristics. The idea is to turn technical information into a more immediate reading that helps recognise tumour subtypes and, when the data allow, connect them to clinical differences.

In the study—which stems from the output of an AIRC-funded project—the authors show that this approach can recover already known subtypes across different cancers and, in some cohorts where clinical information is available, identify groups associated with different outcomes. From this perspective, mutational signatures are not only a “description” of mutations: they become a tool to better interpret the biological history of the tumour and distinguish patient profiles.

“BASCULE,” explains Giulio Caravagna, Professor of Computer Science at the Department of Mathematics, Informatics and Geosciences, “is a tool that allows us to analyse a large number of patients at the same time, identifying new groups of tumours that share similar mutational signatures. This kind of approach underpins so‑called patient stratification in oncology—one of the most important steps for modern precision medicine. By working at the level of mutational signatures, we can catalogue our patients and pinpoint those subgroups in which DNA damage follows well‑defined rules.”

The study is the result of collaborative work that also involved Human Technopole (Computational Biology Research Centre, Milan), Area Science Park (Research and Technology Institute, Trieste) and the University of Milan-Bicocca.

La Giornata Mondiale contro il Cancro (World Cancer Day), che si celebra il 4 febbraio, è un momento in cui la comunità scientifica e quella sanitaria rinnovano l’impegno con cui affrontano la malattia. Due i concetti chiave: prevenzione e cura.

La prevenzione passa da stili di vita consapevoli e dall’adesione agli screening oncologici; la cura si fonda su diagnosi sempre più precise e su terapie innovative che, in molti ambiti, stanno migliorando sopravvivenza e qualità della vita. Progressi resi possibili anche dal lavoro della ricerca — dalle scienze di base alle tecnologie diagnostiche, fino ai nuovi approcci terapeutici — che illumina il percorso verso cure più efficaci e un futuro migliore nella lotta contro il cancro.

In Italia, le stime più recenti indicano circa 390.000 nuove diagnosi ogni anno, con una mortalità oncologica in calo e, a seconda della patologia, con buone possibilità di guarigione.

In occasione del World Cancer Day l’Università di Trieste vuole illuminare almeno una parte dell’intensa attività della ricerca sul cancro, condotta dalle ricercatrici e dai ricercatori del Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Chirurgiche e della Salute, attraverso una piccola selezione di linee di ricerca attualmente attive. Non un quadro esaustivo, ma una panoramica che sottolinea la multidisciplinarità dei progetti in corso, con l’obiettivo comune di comprendere meglio la malattia e migliorare l’assistenza ai pazienti.

Un tratto distintivo di questi team è la frequente presenza di ricercatrici e ricercatori junior che lavorano in collaborazione con docenti e clinici, all’insegna di una trasmissione di competenze.  I progetti UniTS portano nei laboratori e nei reparti una nuova generazione di ricercatori che sarà protagonista di un’importante trasformazione tecnologica. Perché la ricerca è un processo di continuità e innovazione.

E siccome la ricerca illumina il futuro della lotta contro il cancro, nella serata del 4 febbraio la facciata dell’edificio centrale dell’Università di Trieste sarà illuminata di blu e arancio, colori ufficiali di questa giornata di sensibilizzazione, come segno visibile di attenzione e di sostegno a chi studia, cura e affronta la malattia ogni giorno.

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Serena Zacchigna e i dottorandi di Biomedicina molecolare — Perché il cuore è “protetto” dal cancro: la pista delle forze meccaniche
I tumori cardiaci, primitivi e metastatici, sono estremamente rari e le ragioni di questa rarità non sono ancora chiarite. L’ipotesi di Serena Zacchigna è che un ruolo chiave sia svolto dalle forze meccaniche generate dal battito cardiaco.
Queste sollecitazioni, continue e ritmiche, potrebbero ostacolare la proliferazione delle cellule — incluse quelle tumorali. A partire da questa intuizione, il gruppo sta lavorando a approcci terapeutici innovativi, tra cui un robot indossabile progettato per riprodurre la dinamica meccanica del cuore e rallentare la crescita di cellule tumorali, ad esempio a livello della pelle o della ghiandola mammaria. 
Alle attività di ricerca partecipano i dottorandi UniTS Maryen Vasanthakumar, Francesco Longo, Simon Cotic, Matteo Riccio, Nicoletta Bartoloni e Ilaria Del Giudice.

Mauro Giuffrè — Cancro del fegato: l’AI come alleata nelle decisioni cliniche 
L’attività di Mauro Giuffrè si colloca tra epatologia clinica, oncologia e intelligenza artificiale, con un focus sull’epatocarcinoma (HCC).
Negli ultimi anni ha lavorato allo sviluppo e alla validazione di modelli avanzati di AI generativa — inclusi large language models e sistemi multi‑agente — pensati per supportare il processo decisionale clinico nella gestione dei pazienti, in aderenza alle linee guida internazionali e ai dati del mondo reale.
Dopo tre anni di ricerca alla Yale School of Medicine, dal 15 dicembre 2025 è Ricercatore a Tempo Determinato (RTT) al DSM dell’Università di Trieste, dove prosegue l’attività nel campo della computational hepatology e della digital health. Nel 2024–2025 è stato selezionato come vincitore della fellowship dell’American‑Italian Cancer Foundation.

Raffaella Franca — Leucemia linfoblastica acuta pediatrica: terapie personalizzate e biomarcatori di rischio
La leucemia linfoblastica acuta (LLA) è la neoplasia più frequente in età pediatrica. Grazie ai progressi della ricerca, oggi la sopravvivenza a 5 anni raggiunge circa il 90%; restano però possibili effetti avversi gravi, spesso imprevedibili, che possono complicare il percorso di cura.
Il gruppo di Farmacologia del DSM (dott.ssa Raffaella Franca, prof. Giuseppe Stocco) collabora da anni con l’Oncoematologia Pediatrica dell’IRCCS Burlo Garofolo (dr. Marco Rabusin) e con la rete AIEOP per sviluppare progetti di personalizzazione della terapia.
Le attività mirano a identificare biomarcatori predittivi — fattori genetici e livelli di esposizione ai farmaci — associati a reazioni avverse o a fallimento terapeutico, e a chiarirne i meccanismi molecolari. Il lavoro coinvolge anche giovani ricercatori UniTS, tra cui Maria Irshad (dottorato in Medicina Personalizzata e Terapie Innovative) e Antimo Tessitore (Scuola di Specialità in Pediatria).

Valerio Iebba — Microbiota e risposta alle terapie: biomarcatori e modelli predittivi
La ricerca di Valerio Iebba esplora il ruolo del microbiota — l’insieme dei microrganismi che convivono con noi — nel modulare infiammazione e sistema immunitario, con un obiettivo specifico: capire come influenzi la risposta alle cure oncologiche.
Attraverso intelligenza artificiale e analisi bioinformatiche avanzate, il gruppo lavora per isolare ceppi specifici e identificare biomarcatori predittivi, con l’ambizione di costruire modelli personalizzati capaci di prevedere l’efficacia dei farmaci e, quando necessario, guidare strategie per “correggere” un microbiota in disequilibrio.
Il lavoro si sviluppa in rete con collaborazioni internazionali, tra cui Istituto Gustave Roussy e Centro di Ricerca Cordeliers (Parigi), Università di Kyoto, QIBEBT (Cina) e Università Salvador de Bahia.

Alice Tassinari (specializzanda) con Francesca Rui — Screening mirato per la diagnosi precoce del tumore del polmone (Progetto SINTESI)
Il Progetto SINTESI sviluppa uno screening mirato del tumore del polmone rivolto a persone ad alto rischio: fumatori o ex‑fumatori con una pregressa esposizione ad amianto.
Il percorso prevede una breve intervista anamnestica strutturata e una TC del torace. L’obiettivo è intercettare segnali iniziali e arrivare prima alla diagnosi, quando i trattamenti possono essere più efficaci, raccogliendo dati utili a definire un modello di prevenzione chiaro e replicabile anche in altri contesti.
Per i fumatori è previsto anche l’orientamento a un percorso di cessazione presso il Centro di prevenzione e cura del tabagismo. La linea è seguita da Alice Tassinari (supervisor Francesca Rui) e si inserisce in un lavoro multidisciplinare che coinvolge anche profili junior.

Flavia D’Agostin (borsista) con Francesca Larese Filon — Tumori naso‑sinusali di origine professionale (Progetto RENATUNS)
I tumori naso‑sinusali possono essere associati a esposizioni professionali, in particolare a polveri di legno e polveri di cuoio. Presso l’UCO di Medicina del Lavoro è attivo il centro regionale che valuta la storia espositiva e l’associazione con la patologia.
L’attività, collegata alla rete nazionale di studio, supporta anche l’avvio delle pratiche per il riconoscimento della malattia professionale da parte dell’INAIL, quando ne ricorrono le condizioni. La linea è seguita da Flavia D’Agostin nell’ambito del Progetto RENATUNS. 

Jessica Granzotto (specializzanda) — Origine professionale del tumore del polmone nel percorso di cura (PDTA)
La valutazione della possibile origine professionale del tumore del polmone rientra nelle attività del progetto RENATUNS/RENOCCAM, in collaborazione con l’Università di Milano e l’INAIL.
L’obiettivo è identificare, accanto al fumo e all’amianto, altre possibili esposizioni lavorative che possono aver contribuito alla malattia — ad esempio in ambiti come ferriera, saldatura, verniciatura, catrame — offrendo ai pazienti un approfondimento dedicato e l’accesso ai benefici previsti.
L’UCO di Medicina del Lavoro ha un CUP dedicato alle visite di valutazione. La linea è seguita da Jessica Granzotto, specializzanda in Medicina del Lavoro.

Giovanni Sorrentino — La “fisica” del tumore: meccanobiologia per aumentare l’efficacia dei farmaci
La ricerca di Giovanni Sorrentino, finanziata da AIRC, studia il cancro da un’angolazione meno nota: non solo le cellule, ma anche le proprietà fisiche del tumore.
Un tumore può diventare più rigido o più fluido del tessuto sano, e questi cambiamenti possono influenzare la crescita e la risposta ai farmaci. La meccanobiologia dei tumori analizza come durezza, compressione e architettura del tessuto possano favorire la progressione e rendere alcune terapie meno efficaci.
Comprendere questi meccanismi può suggerire strategie per aumentare l’efficacia dei trattamenti intervenendo non solo sulla biologia, ma anche sulla “meccanica” del tumore. Tra i progetti coordinati: AIRC Start‑Up Grant, Worldwide Cancer Research e PRIN.

Katia Rupel e Giulia Ottaviani — Carcinoma del cavo orale: prevenzione, laser e complicanze delle terapie
Giulia Ottaviani e Katia Rupel, con il dottorando Edgar Keller, svolgono attività clinica e di ricerca presso l’Ambulatorio di Medicina e Patologia Orale della SC Clinica di Chirurgia Maxillofacciale e Odontostomatologica, dedicandosi a prevenzione, diagnosi e follow‑up di pazienti con carcinoma del cavo orale.
Il gruppo collabora con le SC di Ematologia, Radioterapia e Oncologia per la gestione delle complicanze orali legate alle terapie anticancro. Un filone di ricerca clinica studia le proprietà terapeutiche e preventive della luce laser per ridurre effetti avversi che incidono sulla qualità di vita e sull’aderenza ai trattamenti.
Accanto alla clinica, una parte rilevante dell’attività riguarda la divulgazione: strategie innovative per aumentare consapevolezza e prevenzione di un tumore spesso poco conosciuto, con iniziative rivolte a studenti delle scuole secondarie del territorio.

Manuela Mastronardi — Chirurgia oncologica del colon‑retto: IA per la formazione, medicina di precisione e sostenibilità
La ricerca di Manuela Mastronardi è focalizzata sulla chirurgia del tumore del colon‑retto, con attenzione a formazione avanzata, ricerca traslazionale e sostenibilità.
Tra i filoni principali: l’impiego dell’intelligenza artificiale per il training in chirurgia oncologica del retto; lo sviluppo di modelli biologici personalizzati per predire la risposta alle terapie in ottica di medicina di precisione; la valutazione di indicatori di qualità come il Textbook Outcome; il confronto tra strategie di trattamento nei casi complessi, inclusi i contesti di urgenza.
Un ulteriore ambito è la green surgery, con progetti orientati a ridurre l’impatto ambientale e ottimizzare l’uso delle risorse, mantenendo standard elevati di sicurezza e appropriatezza oncologica.

From the Roman ports of Aquileia and Tergeste to shipbuilding in Monfalcone, from ‘multicultural’ Trieste to the memories of the two World Wars in Gorizia, up to the history of the Friuli Venezia Giulia Region: seven talks to span two millennia of transformations, frontiers and coexistence in the Venezia Giulia area.

These and related themes are at the centre of ‘Ports, Peoples and Societies in a Borderland’, a public seminar series promoted by the Department of Humanities (DiSU) at the University of Trieste and supported by the Friuli Venezia Giulia Region. Opening on Wednesday 21st January, the series explores the history of Venezia Giulia through migrations, identities and memories.

The initiative is itinerant and will consist of six public talks, covering four cities in Friuli Venezia Giulia - Trieste, Gorizia, Grado and Ronchi dei Legionari – with the aim of engaging a broad audience in some key aspects of the long-term history of Venezia Giulia in our region. 

‘The six talks,’ explains Tullia Catalan, Professor of Contemporary History at the University of Trieste and project lead, ‘will bring together historians and specialists from different disciplines to discuss themes such as the port systems of the area from Roman origins to the present, the social, national and linguistic borders typical of a borderland, the memories of the two World Wars, and the economic transformations and migratory flows past and present.’

These are themes in which the University of Trieste is also engaged internationally through Transform4Europe, the European alliance of universities that UniTS helped found and which highlights the role of universities in borderlands.

Institutions in the region have actively contributed to the organisation of the talks. ‘Trieste, Grado, Ronchi and Gorizia offered to host and promote the events,’ notes Catalan, ‘a sign of the strong relationships that the University of Trieste has built over the years with the cultural institutions of the Venezia Giulia area.’

The concluding talk, dedicated to the creation and development of the Friuli Venezia Giulia Region, will take place in Trieste on 17th April 2026 and will be organised in collaboration with the Department of Humanities and Cultural Heritage at the University of Udine.

Programme

21st January at 16:30, Civico Museo Sartorio, Sala Costantinides (Largo Papa Giovanni XXIII, 1), Trieste
Discovering the ancient world: the Roman ports and peoples of Aquileia and Tergeste
with Fulvia Mainardis (UniTS), Emanuela Murgia (UniTS), Monica Chiabà (UniTS) and Tullia Catalan (UniTS)

The speakers will retrace the Roman origins of the two ports and their commercial role through the archaeological evidence of Trieste and Aquileia. They will discuss life in the two ports, maritime trade and the various peoples who passed through the region, bringing new languages, cultures and knowledge.

25th February at 16:30, Civico Museo Sartorio, Sala Costantinides (Largo Papa Giovanni XXIII, 1), Trieste
The rich and the poor in Trieste from the Middle Ages to the contemporary era
with Miriam Davide (UniTS), Andrea Scartabellati (independent researcher), Antonio Trampus (Ca’ Foscari University of Venice) and Tullia Catalan (UniTS)

Local society and its population will be examined across different periods through the lenses of social justice, philanthropy and charity, with attention to everyday life and the needs of a multi-ethnic and multi-religious population. The focus will also include key institutions such as the Istituto Generale dei Poveri, tracing its transformations from the Habsburg to the Fascist period and its current role within contemporary welfare.

4th March at 16:30, Consorzio Culturale del Monfalconese, Conference Room (Piazza Unità d’Italia, 24), Ronchi dei Legionari
Shipbuilding and the city: the Monfalcone shipyard from the nineteenth century to today
with Massimo Degrassi (UniTS), Giuseppe Grimaldi (UniTS), Giulio Mellinato (University of Milano-Bicocca) and Tullia Catalan (UniTS)

This talk retraces the relationship between the shipyard and the city from the Habsburg period to the present. Through labour history, the evolution of urban space linked to the shipyard and the history of migration, the speakers will trace the transformation of Monfalcone into a key contemporary site of global labour dynamics.

5th March at 16:30, Sala del Consiglio Comunale di Grado (Municipio, Piazza Biagio Marin, 4), Grado
Grado between Austria and Italy: the making of a seaside tourist resort
with Massimo Degrassi (UniTS), Luciano Cicogna (Municipality of Grado), Paride Camuffo (independent researcher) and Tullia Catalan (UniTS)

Grado’s attraction as a tourist destination dates back to the nineteenth century, when it became a seaside health resort and summer retreat for the Austrian bourgeoisie. This led to the architectural transformation of its urban spaces, the organisation of summer social life and, over time, to its development as a seaside destination to the present day. Grado therefore offers a contemporary example of sustainable tourism, grounded in its long-standing history as a holiday resort.

30th March at 16:30, Musei provinciali di Gorizia, Conference Room (Borgo Castello, 13), Gorizia
Monuments, museums and the memory of the two World Wars in Gorizia
with Massimo Baioni (University of Milan), Massimo Degrassi (UniTS), Alessandro Cattunar (Associazione Quarantasettezeroquattro) and Tullia Catalan (UniTS)

Gorizia was deeply scarred by the violence of the two World Wars, which left material and intangible traces of its past. Today the city is a symbol of the fruitful and peaceful relations between Italy and Slovenia, and the border has become a space of cultural crossings, also through the various museum exhibitions on both sides of the border. The talk will explore these themes through a range of perspectives.

1st April at 16:30, Civico Museo Sartorio, Sala Costantinides (Largo Papa Giovanni XXIII, 1), Trieste
Multicultural city, ‘quintessentially Italian’ city, city of science: Trieste between the nineteenth and twentieth centuries
with Luca Giuseppe Manenti (Manlio Cecovini International Disclosure Society for Historical, Social and Ethical Studies), Tullia Catalan (UniTS), Elisabetta Vezzosi (UniTS) and Alessandro Carrieri (UniTS)

The great Habsburg port, crossroads of cultures and religions, underwent profound change after the World War I, with major population shifts driven by migration flows and a policy of mass nationalisation promoted by the Italian government of the time. For decades the border with eastern Europe became a wall, strongly opposing Slovenians and Italians. This tense climate persisted after the World War II and began to ease only in the 1960s and 1970s, thanks in part to the role of culture and science in the city, which acted as bridges to the East during the Cold War.

17th April at 16:30, FVG Region building, Tessitori multimedia room (Piazza Guglielmo Oberdan, 5), Trieste
Friuli Venezia Giulia 1963-2025: the creation and history of a special-statute region
with Raoul Pupo (UniTS), Igor Guardiancich (University of Padua), Patrick Karlsen (UniTS), Tullia Catalan (UniTS), Elena D’Orlando (University of Udine), Andrea Tilatti (University of Udine) and Andrea Zannini (University of Udine)

The concluding talk focuses on the creation and subsequent development of Friuli Venezia Giulia as a special-statute region, established by constitutional law on 31st January 1963. It will examine both the legal aspects of the region’s formation and the historical reasons underlying its establishment.

Countering the motor and cognitive decline associated with ageing is one of the major healthcare challenges of the coming decades. A research project conducted by the University of Trieste shows how innovative rehabilitation protocols that integrate physical exercise, cognitive stimulation and virtual reality can produce significant benefits for active and independent ageing.

The study, developed in collaboration between the public social care provider ITIS and the UniTS Bachelor’s Degree in Physiotherapy, compared the effectiveness of two physiotherapy approaches in a cohort of older adults living in the care facility: a dual-task exercise protocol, combining motor activity with simultaneous cognitive tasks, and a treatment based on the use of virtual and augmented reality to perform targeted physical exercises.

A research project supported by local philanthropic foundations

The research was co-funded by the Morpurgo and Casali ETS Foundations via a one-year research grant awarded to physiotherapist Marta Ceschin, who conducted the study from February 2024 to February 2025. The project was supervised by Luigi Murena, Head of the Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, and by Manuela Deodato, head of clinical and professional training for the Bachelor’s Degree in Physiotherapy.

Methodology and tools

Approved by the University Ethics Committee, the study involved 45 participants aged over 65 and without medical conditions that could affect participation. They were randomly assigned to one of two dual-task treatment groups: one combined physical activity with cognitive tasks, the other paired physical exercise with virtual and augmented reality.

Both groups carried out 24 individual sessions of 60 minutes each, twice a week for 12 weeks, in the UniTS physiotherapy teaching gym, equipped with advanced virtual and augmented reality devices.

Treatment effectiveness was assessed through standardised cognitive tests (Trail Making Test, Frontal Assessment Battery), motor function (10-Metre Walk Test, Timed Up and Go, Chair Stand Test, handgrip strength) and dual motor-cognitive performance.

Results: dual-task training proves particularly effective

Results show that both approaches significantly improve motor function, particularly in walking and mobility tests. However, the dual-task protocol showed greater benefits when physical activity was paired with a cognitive task, in line with recent studies linking good physical performance with good cognitive performance.

Dual-task training thus emerges as a promising active ageing strategy, capable of acting simultaneously on body and mind and helping older adults remain independent in their everyday activities.

From regenerating the heart to designing more efficient solar cells: FIS (Fondo Italiano per la Scienza) has allocated a further €3 million to two cutting-edge research projects at the University of Trieste. Funding has been awarded to SOFTEN, focused on new approaches to reversing fibrosis and promoting cardiac tissue regeneration, and to A DIGITal twin for efficient solar CELLs, set to develop a ‘digital twin’ capable of simulating a solar cell in all its complexity and of accelerating, in a predictive way, the discovery of new photovoltaic materials.

FIS is an initiative of the Italian Ministry of Universities and Research (MUR) which supports excellent research modelled on the European ERC programmes, with competitive schemes designed to accompany researchers through different stages of their careers. The two grants obtained confirm UniTS’s ability to produce cutting-edge research while also acting as an attractive hub for projects that are highly competitive at the international level.

The project SOFTEN – Reversal of cardiac fibrosis and promotion of tissue regeneration through controlled SOFTENing of the extracellular matrix milieu, coordinated by Pasquale Sacco of the Department of Life Sciences, has been awarded around €1.65 million and addresses one of the most complex challenges in contemporary medicine: after an injury, the adult human heart is unable to regenerate effectively and tends to develop fibrosis, compromising its function.

The idea stems from observations in species such as the zebrafish, which can regenerate the heart thanks to a temporary ‘softening’ of the extracellular matrix. SOFTEN aims to reproduce and control this behaviour using specifically designed biomaterials, combining polymer chemistry, materials design and cellular and molecular biology methods to understand and steer the mechanisms of cardiac tissue repair.

The project A DIGITal twin for efficient solar CELLs, funded with around €1.33 million, is led by Virginia Carnevali, who will move from the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) to the Department of Physics at the University of Trieste to carry out the study.

The research aims to develop a digital twin of a solar cell capable of simulating the device in its full physical and structural complexity and of providing predictive insight both into conversion efficiency and into the discovery of new photovoltaic materials. The approach combines quantum simulations, molecular dynamics, statistical methods and experimental data, with the goal of bringing fundamental research and device engineering closer together in a key field for renewable energy.

As the researcher explains, Trieste and the Department of Physics were chosen for their internationally recognised expertise in developing codes and simulation techniques to study the structural and electronic properties of materials. The city also offers outstanding experimental facilities and a consolidated network of scientific partnerships built up since her PhD, which she completed in Trieste.

The FIS grants awarded to the projects led by Sacco and Carnevali add to the three already announced on 1st December 2025, attributed to Paolo Fornasiero (€2.3 million) and Federico Rosei (€1.9 million) of the Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, and to Matteo Marinelli (€1.1 million) of the Department of Physics. Five UniTS projects have been awarded funding by FIS in this round, amounting to €8.2 million overall.

‘We are very satisfied with these results,’ commented Rector Donata Vianelli. ‘FIS applies particularly rigorous criteria in evaluating projects, and the outcome confirms the University of Trieste’s ability to develop research that attracts funding and, in this case, human capital as well. The selected programmes reflect our commitment to key research areas: from biomedical research and biomaterials to tackle major health challenges, to advanced modelling of materials and devices for renewable energy.’

AIRC Foundation supports Italian oncology research for 2026 through different types of grants that aim to make the national research ecosystem more competitive. This year, the University of Trieste benefits from two grants that support ongoing efforts to apply artificial intelligence to genomic and clinical data for a better understanding of how cancers evolve and how they respond to therapies.

Prof. Giulio Caravagna, Professor of Informatics at the Department of Mathematics, Computer Science and Geosciences (MIGe), is the recipient of a one-year Bridge Grant (almost €100,000), which comes at the end of the five-year My First AIRC Grant and allows the continuation of the work. The project — Characterising genotype and phenotype clonal evolution to response to therapy with Artificial Intelligence  — focuses on the analysis of clonal evolution in leukemia, in collaboration with the Oncological Reference Centre (CRO), Aviano, San Raffaele Research hospital and, in this new phase, with Area Science Park. The group will use tools developed in the first project to study the processes that drive the development of leukemia and to develop innovative methods to support increasingly targeted precision medicine strategies.

AIRC also renews its support for Alice Antonello, who is in the second year of the three-year project Dissecting the role and mechanisms of chromosomal instability in cancer evolution using Artificial Intelligence , which will receive a total of over €100,000. Research focuses on the application of artificial intelligence methods to DNA data to clarify the link between the occurrence of specific mutations and exposure to mutagenic agents: This is a crucial step to better recognise risk factors and guide prevention and intervention strategies.

The announcement of AIRC funding coincides, as usual, with Le Arance della Salute (oranges for research), the initiative that combines fundraising and public awareness on the importance of prevention through healthy living. On Saturday, 24th January, thousands of volunteers will be in the squares with small nets of red oranges, jars of jam and honey; along with solidarity products, a special publication will also be available to help citizens distinguish false information from science-based content, debunking myths about nutrition, physical activity and lifestyle.

In Trieste, stands will be set up on Via Dante (at the corner of Via San Nicolò), Piazzale Rosmini, Campo San Giacomo and the Torri d’Europa shopping centre.

An agreement has been signed between UniTS, ISPRA (Italian Higher Institute for Environmental Protection and Research) and the Friuli Venezia Giulia Region for the creation of the ‘Cividale’ CARG sheet, as part of the national programme for creating a Geological Map of Italy. 

A CARG sheet refers to a portion of the national territory, corresponding to a defined cartographic area, for which an official geological map of Italy is produced at a 1:50,000 scale, accompanied by a database and an explanatory report.

The CARG Project is a national programme coordinated by ISPRA aimed at creating and updating the official Geological Map of Italy. Activities include detailed geological surveys, stratigraphic and structural analyses, and the organisation of data in a national geological database.

The products of the CARG Project constitute a fundamental knowledge for spatial planning, for supporting sustainable development policies and for preventing and mitigating natural risks, especially hydrogeological and seismic risks. The maps are used by public bodies, local administrations and professionals as a technical reference for land management, infrastructure design and environmental protection.

The agreement is part of a broader framework of activities carried out by UniTS over the last four years as part of the CARG Project. During this period, two other CARG sheets have been completed or are currently in progress: ‘Trieste–Caresana’ and ‘Gorizia’. The total funding for the three sheets coordinated by the University is around €1,700,000, coming largely from ISPRA and partly from the FVG Region.

The scientific director of the projects coordinated by the University of Trieste is Lorenzo Bonini, associate professor of Geology at the Department of Mathematics, Computer Science and Geosciences (MIGe).

‘Architecture and city. Learning from European Capitals of Culture’ can be downloaded free of charge from the Trieste University Press (EUT) catalogue https://eut.units.it/en/catalogo/architecture-and-city-learning-from-european-capitals-of-culture/10053

The volume explores forty years of the European Capital of Culture Programme as a tool for urban transformation and regeneration: this is the first organic attempt to ‘line up’ the European Capitals of Culture from Athens in 1985 to Nova Gorica/Gorizia in 2025 by systematically comparing them and highlighting the relationship between the Programme, related event, outcomes and, above all, legacy, i.e. their urban and architectural heritage. 

Between case studies, essays and mappings, the UniTS authors Thomas Bisiani, Sonia Prestamburgo and Adriano Venudo tell how architecture, temporary events, art, cultural events and strategies can generate new urban futures.

A collective and interdisciplinary journey that explores the image of the city and designs its evolving reality.

‘Architecture and city. Learning from European Capitals of Culture’ is the result of the teaching and research activities developed in the RRR Lab (2023-2024 and 2024-2025 academic years), with the contribution of the COLGO! and VAGO student associations.

The fifth edition of the Ingenio al femminile Award, a celebration of female talent, has selected UniTS PhD student Giulia Saccomano as winner of the ‘Best doctoral thesis’ category for her work ‘From pixels to diagnosis: applications of X-ray Virtual Histology (XVH) in clinical pathology’.

Supported by the Italian National Council of Engineers and designed to foster women’s talent and representation in engineering, this year’s award is inspired by the theme ‘Artificial Intelligence meets the challenges of 2050’.

The motivation reads:

‘Traditional histopathological examination provides two-dimensional images due to histological samples’ cut plane. XVH, on the other hand, is a technique that allows high-resolution, non-destructive three-dimensional observations while preserving the structure of the organ under examination. The research work involved the integration of advanced deep learning algorithms to manage and analyse large XVH datasets. Automated organ segmentation in XVH images improves the identification of critical characteristics such as cell architecture and the margins of a tumour mass, while also being able to accurately calculate the values of prognostic markers without the need to physically dissect the affected part. The research has led to the integration between clinical diagnostic imaging of the Department of Pathological Anatomy of Trieste’s hospital and physical-experimental imaging of Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, and the application of AI algorithms, in collaboration with the Computational Pathology Group at Radboud UMC (Netherlands), to improve the automatic segmentation of tumour masses and overcome the limits of traditional histopathology.’

After 15 years of research, including three dedicated to the collection of non-profit funding, the MirtaRett project coordinated by Enrico Tongiorgi (UniTS Department of Life Sciences), finally enters clinical practice with the administration of the first therapy to a young patient at the Gaslini Hospital in Genoa.

In February 2025, the Italian Pharmaceuticals Agency (AIFA) received the positive opinion of the National Ethics Committee for Paediatric Studies and thus gave the green light to the first worldwide trial on Mirtazapine in Rett Syndrome, a serious neurological disease that affects almost exclusively girls.

The clinical study, coordinated by the University of Trieste, will initially extend to 15 young patients and will take place in the main Italian reference hospitals for Rett Syndrome. The trial is fully covered by non-profit funds.

The project is supported by the unconditional contribution of Angelini Pharma SpA, Fondazione Canali Onlus, Fondazione Ico Falck and Fondazione Amadei and Setti. In addition to the pharmacological experimentation, the project also provides for the continuous monitoring of patients' vital parameters, such as breathing, heart rate and blood oxygenation. For this purpose, smart T-shirts are used, already distributed to hospitals in Genoa, Siena, Messina and Milan. Originally developed for monitoring athletes, these T-shirts are made of cotton woven with nanofibres capable of detecting the weak electrical signals of the human body and are tailor-made for each patient by the Italian company AccYouRate Group.

What is Mirtazapine?

Mirtazapine is a commercially available drug, therefore more easily accessible and sustainable. To facilitate its intake, a European company has been identified that can produce it in liquid formulation, a solution that is not widespread since the drug is normally marketed globally as tablets. ‘Our laboratory at UniTS Department of Life Sciences was the first in the world to demonstrate that mirtazapine, despite being an antidepressant, acts on broader mechanisms and can improve breathing, motor control, sleep quality and social communication in patients with Rett’s syndrome,’ explains Prof. Tongiorgi.

Access to the trial is open to new patients

In Friuli Venezia Giulia it is estimated that there are three or four girls affected by the syndrome who are not currently included in the study, but the prospects remain encouraging. ‘We hope that the health facilities in the region will also be able to participate in the trial,’ Tongiorgi said.

To ensure the scientific validity of the study, it is necessary to reach a total of 54 patients aged between 5 and 40 years, divided into the ranges 5-10, 11-17 and 18-40 years. Approximately one third have been recruited so the search for new participants is still open.