An international study published in PLOS Medicine documents the progressive decline in stillbirth and early neonatal mortality between 1990 and 2023 across 17 low- and middle-income countries (Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Mali, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Egypt, Jordan, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Colombia, and Peru).

The study was conducted by Dr Mohammed Ali (World Health Organization, Geneva) and Prof. Saverio Bellizzi (United Nations University Institute for Water, Environment and Health, Ontario, Canada), in collaboration with Prof. Luca Cegolon, Professor of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine at the University of Trieste.

Lower perinatal mortality was found to be associated with residence in urban areas, higher levels of maternal education, greater household socioeconomic status, and stronger national welfare systems. By contrast, maternal age of 30 years or older was associated with an increased risk.

Stillbirth and early neonatal mortality remain a major global health challenge, with the vast majority of cases occurring in low- and middle-income countries that rely on household surveys—such as the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS)—for their estimates, as civil registration systems are often incomplete.

However, DHS data tend to underestimate the scale of the problem and misclassify cases of stillbirth and early neonatal death, limiting their usefulness for planning maternal and child health interventions.

“Although most countries have experienced a decline in perinatal mortality, progress remains uneven and significant socioeconomic disparities persist. Strengthening maternal and neonatal health services and improving data collection systems in low- and middle-income countries remain essential to accelerate progress towards the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) of reducing perinatal mortality,” state Prof. Cegolon and Dr Bellizzi.

The study, recently published in PLOS Medicine, analysed 93 DHS surveys conducted between 1990 and 2023 across 17 low- and middle-income countries, covering a total of 1,019,253 reported pregnancies among 733,181 women. Pregnancies lasting at least seven months were included, in line with the standard definition of stillbirth.

Age-specific risks of stillbirth and early neonatal death were estimated using life-table methods and a modified Gompertz-Makeham model, which is able to correct for common DHS data-quality issues, including underreporting, misclassification between stillbirths and deaths occurring on days 0–1 after birth, and age heaping at death—that is, the tendency to systematically report neonatal deaths as occurring at 7 days of age rather than on adjacent days.

Can artificial intelligence help us assess how robust a scientific finding is? This is the question at the heart of the Predicting Replicability Challenge, an international competition organised by the Center for Open Science, in which Federico D’Atri, a PhD student at the University of Trieste, took third place, receiving a prize of $3,375.

The COS competition tested automated systems designed to estimate the likelihood that a scientific finding will be confirmed when a study is independently replicated. In other words, the algorithms are asked to “predict” whether repeating a study with new data and new samples will produce similar results. Replicability is an important factor in assessing the reliability of scientific research, as it helps determine how robust a finding is and whether it can be confirmed using new data.

To generate his predictions, D’Atri developed a system based primarily on a Large Language Model (LLM) specifically adapted and trained for this task. The model analysed the full text of scientific papers, using the information they contained to estimate the likelihood that their findings would be confirmed by an independent replication.

In one of the solutions he submitted, the LLM’s predictions were also combined with those of a more traditional machine-learning model, which used structured information from the studies, including sample size, statistical significance, effect size, year of publication and research discipline.

In the final round of the competition, participants worked on studies from the Replicability Project: Health Behavior, which focuses on health-related behaviours. For each finding, they had to estimate the likelihood that it would be confirmed by an independent replication before learning the actual outcome.

“This topic stems from a long-standing interest of mine in the replicability and reliability of scientific findings, particularly in psychology and the social sciences,” explains D’Atri. “The project gave me the opportunity to explore how artificial intelligence tools can be applied to the analysis of scientific literature”.

Directly replicating a study can require considerable time and resources. This is precisely where systems of this kind could find one of their most interesting future applications. Automated predictions cannot replace actual replications, but they can provide a useful initial indication more quickly and at a lower cost, helping to identify the studies for which further verification may be most valuable.

“The result achieved by PhD student Federico D’Atri once again highlights the central role of curiosity in doctoral training,” says Professor Longo, UniTS Delegate for PhD Programmes. “Curiosity can also lead researchers to explore cross-cutting topics or areas that are not strictly connected with their own research project, as in this case, while playing a fundamental role in shaping their development as researchers”.

Determining whether a gene is mutated in a tumour may not be enough. In many cases, it is also important to know how many copies of that mutated gene are present in the cancer cells and how strongly this alteration affects the behaviour of the disease.

This is the starting point of the study led by Giulio Caravagna, Professor of Computer Science at the University of Trieste and head of the Cancer Data Science Laboratory, published in Nature Genetics. The researchers proposed a new way of reading tumour DNA that more closely reflects the true complexity of cancer: mutations are considered not only in terms of whether they are present or absent, but also in relation to the tumour's overall genomic architecture.

In cancer cells, somatic mutations - those that arise during a person's lifetime in cells other than germ cells - can combine with changes in DNA copy number. As a result, some regions of the genome may be amplified while others are lost. The combination of mutations, amplifications and losses of genomic regions gives rise to the concept of gene mutant dosage. The aim is to estimate how many mutated copies of a gene are actually present in a tumour and assess whether this information has implications for prognosis and metastatic spread.

To address this question, the research team developed INCOMMON - INference of COpy number and Mutation Multiplicity in ONcology - an open-source computational method that estimates the number of mutated copies of a gene and mutation multiplicity from targeted sequencing panels routinely used in clinical oncology.

One of its most significant features is the ability to derive new information from data already generated during diagnostic workflows. INCOMMON uses advanced statistical inference and machine-learning models to interpret the results of clinical molecular tests in the light of large collections of tumours sequenced at whole-genome level.

“INCOMMON represents a new approach to obtaining higher-resolution analyses than current standards, without changing the type of data generated. This new opportunity reveals features of oncogenic processes that may prove relevant from a prognostic and predictive perspective,” explains Giulio Caravagna.

In the study, supported in part by the AIRC Foundation for Cancer Research, the researchers analysed more than 60,000 clinical patient samples, covering 39 different cancer types and over 500,000 mutations. By stratifying more than 20,000 patients according to the mutant dosage of different oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes, the team identified 46 cancer-specific biomarkers associated with overall survival.

The most significant finding is that 13 of these biomarkers, across 12 cancer types, would not have been detected using conventional models based solely on whether a gene is mutated or not. Gene mutant dosage can therefore reveal prognostic signals that a simpler reading of tumour DNA may miss.

The findings also provide new insight into the metastatic behaviour of tumours. In particular, the researchers identified 26 biomarkers recurrently associated with metastatic spread in 10 cancer types, as well as 20 biomarkers whose presence predicts a tumour's tendency to spread to specific organs in five cancer types.

“The data collected in this study show that genomic information already contained in molecular analyses routinely performed in clinical practice can be reinterpreted with far greater precision using advanced statistical inference and machine-learning systems,” says Nicola Calonaci, an AIRC-funded postdoctoral researcher at the University of Trieste and co-first author of the paper.

“One particularly interesting aspect is that gene mutant dosage seems to capture biological properties of tumours that do not emerge when mutations are treated simply as present or absent,” adds Eriseld Krasniqi, a medical oncologist at the IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute in Rome, a University of Trieste PhD candidate and co-first author of the paper. “This is especially relevant to the study of metastasis, where it has historically been very difficult to identify genomic features that distinguish primary from metastatic tumours.”

“This research is an excellent example of how collaboration between highly specialised clinical centres and computational research groups can translate into knowledge that benefits cancer patients,” says Giovanni Blandino, Scientific Director of the IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute (IRE) in Rome. “IRE's participation in a study of this scale reflects our commitment to working at the frontier of translational research, where clinical expertise meets the most advanced technologies for genomic data analysis. Extracting new information from molecular tests already available in clinical practice is one of the most promising directions for precision oncology, and an area in which we intend to continue investing.”

The work also opens the way for future studies integrating information on the treatments received by patients, to determine whether gene mutant dosage has not only prognostic value but also predictive value for response to specific therapies.

Further validation will be required before any potential clinical implementation. The direction indicated by the research is nevertheless clear: to make better use of information already available in molecular data, in order to understand disease evolution and contribute to the development of new biomarkers for precision oncology.

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STUDY PUBLISHED IN NATURE GENETICS, 31 JULY 2026

Gene mutant dosage is associated with prognosis and metastatic tropism in 60,000 clinical cancer samples

Nicola Calonaci1,†, Eriseld Krasniqi2,†, Daniel Colic3, Stefano Scalera4, Giorgia Gandolfi1, Salvatore Milite5, Konstantin Bräutigam6,7, Andrea Sottoriva5, Trevor A. Graham6, Leonardo Egidi8, Biagio Ricciuti9, Marcello Maugeri-Saccà10, and Giulio Caravagna1,11

1 Department of Mathematics, Informatics and Geosciences, University of Trieste, Italy
2 Phase IV Clinical Studies Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy
3 Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona, Spain
4 Clinical Trial Center, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Division, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
5 Computational Biology Research Centre, Human Technopole, Milan, Italy
6 Centre for Evolution and Cancer, Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
7 Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
8 Department of Economics, Business, Mathematics and Statistics “Bruno de Finetti”, University of Trieste, Italy
9 Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
10 Division of Medical Oncology 2, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
11 Area Science Park, Trieste, Italy
† These authors contributed equally.

DOI: 10.1038/s41588-026-02666-z

The 14th edition of the Ciamician Summer School, organised by the University of Trieste’s Department of Engineering and Architecture, has come to an end. Nineteen students and PhD candidates from seven countries gathered at Passo Monte Croce Comelico, in the heart of the Dolomites, to explore key aspects of the energy transition alongside leading experts in the field.

Selected from around forty applications submitted by candidates from Italian and European universities, the participants followed an interdisciplinary programme focusing on the main challenges of decarbonisation: sustainable construction materials, renewable energy sources, the evolution of the electricity system, sustainable mobility, critical raw materials, and the economic, social, geopolitical and regulatory implications of the energy transition.

The Summer School brought together 22 lecturers from Italian and European universities, research institutions and companies, including University College London, the Technical University of Munich, Hasselt University, the Polytechnic University of Milan, the University of Padua, the University of Salerno, Area Science Park and CNR-INM. The opening lecture was delivered by climatologist Filippo Giorgi, one of the authors recognised with the 2007 Nobel Peace Prize awarded to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The speakers also included internationally renowned experts Paul Ekins of UCL and Carlo Bottasso of TUM.

Six participants received scholarships covering their registration fees thanks to the support of Edilgroup, a holding company committed to developing sustainable solutions for the construction sector, a strategic industry for reducing CO₂ emissions and achieving the objectives of the energy transition.

Named after Trieste-born chemist Giacomo Ciamician, one of the first scientists to recognise the potential of solar energy, the Summer School was established in 2010 and co-founded by Maurizio Fermeglia, Rector Emeritus of the University of Trieste, who recently passed away. This year’s edition was dedicated to his memory.

Fabrizio Sors, tenure-track Assistant Professor of General Psychology at the Department of Life Sciences of the University of Trieste, has been elected to the Managing Council of the European Federation of Sport Psychology (FEPSAC).

FEPSAC brings together researchers, practitioners and institutions active in research, education and the application of sport psychology to physical activity and human performance. Through conferences, working groups, publications and educational initiatives, it supports scientific exchange and collaboration across the field.

During his term, Sors will take part in the work of the Managing Council and in the Federation’s initiatives, contributing in particular to collaboration between researchers and practitioners, interdisciplinary exchange and the dissemination of scientific knowledge.

The appointment builds on Sors’s previous involvement in the European scientific community. At the time of his election, he was serving a second term as coordinator of the Research Department of the European Network of Young Specialists in Sport Psychology (ENYSSP), a European network of early-career researchers and practitioners that works with FEPSAC on research and education. The new role may also strengthen links between the Federation’s activities and the sport psychology research developed in Trieste.

The University of Trieste played a leading role in the success of iNEST – Interconnected Nord-Est Innovation Ecosystem, one of the major Innovation Ecosystems funded under Italy's National Recovery and Resilience Plan (PNRR), which has now concluded having fully achieved all of its project objectives. The final report by the independent scientific reviewers confirms the successful completion of all planned activities, recognizing the initiative's significant scientific, economic, and societal impact.

The University of Trieste played a key role in Spoke 8, dedicated to maritime, marine, and inland water technologies, developed in collaboration with the Alto Adriatico Technology Hub, the Eastern Adriatic Sea Port Authority, OGS - Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale, and the Universities of Padua, Trento, Ca' Foscari Venice, and IUAV University of Venice.

The project addressed some of the most pressing challenges related to environmental sustainability and climate resilience in the Upper Adriatic region, leveraging the area's extensive scientific expertise while promoting knowledge transfer to industry.

Spoke 8 focused on five strategic research areas: marine ecosystem biology; the management of physical and chemical hazards and their impact on the hydrosphere; sustainable coastal transport; integrated land-sea planning; and the development of the Upper Adriatic Digital Twin. By integrating environmental data, predictive models, artificial intelligence algorithms, and advanced visualization systems, the project developed innovative decision-support tools with significant benefits for the sustainable management of coastal areas.

Alongside its research activities, the project placed strong emphasis on technology transfer. In this context, it developed a digital platform designed to connect researchers, businesses, and investors, as well as a scientific and technological information service aimed at disseminating funding opportunities, research results, and best practices across the ecosystem.

A central hub for these activities was the Lab Village, hosted at the Urban Center in Trieste. Conceived as a meeting place for researchers, companies, startups, and public institutions, it was established to accelerate innovation processes and foster new collaborations.

More broadly, iNEST's achievements highlight both the scale and the effectiveness of the initiative. Over nearly four years of activity, the ecosystem produced 977 scientific publications, involved 517 researchers, supported 99 projects dedicated to early-career researchers, and, through 35 cascade funding calls, financed more than 200 projects carried out by companies, SMEs, public bodies, and regional administrations.

The 10th Symposium of the International Association for Lichenology – IAL10, the world’s leading scientific meeting devoted to lichenology, opened today, Monday 27 July, at the University of Trieste. Organised every four years by the International Association for Lichenology, the symposium is being held in Italy for the first time and is bringing researchers from around the world to the University’s Piazzale Europa campus.

Lichenology is the scientific study of lichens, complex organisms that develop through a stable association between a fungus and one or more partners capable of photosynthesis. Found in a wide variety of environments, including some of the most extreme regions on Earth, lichens provide an important model for understanding the mechanisms of symbiosis, adaptation and evolution. Their sensitivity to environmental conditions also makes them valuable tools for monitoring air quality and ecosystems, while their interaction with rocks, buildings and monuments is studied in the field of cultural heritage conservation.

The scientific proceedings, which began today in Building H3, will continue until Friday 31 July. The programme includes five plenary lectures, more than twenty thematic sessions, four workshops, oral presentations and poster sessions. Contributions explore the latest developments in genomics and other “omics” sciences, taxonomy and systematics, symbiosis biology, ecophysiology and biodiversity. Considerable attention is also being devoted to the effects of climate change, ecosystem conservation, the monitoring of urban and natural environments, and the relationship between lichens and historical monuments and buildings.

The plenary lectures are being delivered by Nina Gunde-Cimerman of the University of Ljubljana, Pavel Škaloud of Charles University in Prague, Theo Llewellyn of Imperial College London, Daniel Stanton of the University of Minnesota and Gulnara Tagirdzhanova of Stockholm University. Their presentations address topics including symbioses capable of developing in extreme environments, ecological and evolutionary parallels between lichens and corals, the genetic mechanisms underlying the production of protective substances, lichen responses to climate change and the molecular interactions between the different organisms involved in lichen symbiosis.

The local organisation is coordinated by academics from the Department of Life Sciences at the University of Trieste. The symposium president is Lucia Muggia, Professor of Systematic Botany, while Mauro Tretiach, Professor of General Botany, serves as vice-president. The scientific and organisational secretariat also includes Stefano Martellos, Professor of Systematic Botany, and Fabio Candotto Carniel, Professor of General Botany. The Trieste team is working alongside a national organising committee and an international scientific committee composed of experts from Europe, Asia, Australia and the United States.

Trieste’s bid was selected in 2021 during the previous edition of the symposium, which was held online. The decision recognised the long-standing contribution of the University’s research group to Italian and international lichenology, as well as the city’s geographical position, multicultural character and particularly extensive network of scientific institutions.

The programme is complemented by scientific field trips devoted to observing lichens in their natural environments. Two itineraries took place before the symposium, crossing the south-eastern Alps and central Italy. A further excursion is scheduled from 1 to 3 August in the Italian and Slovenian Classical Karst, with stops including the Val Rosandra Nature Reserve, the Škocjan Caves area, the Trnovo Plateau and the Duino area.

The full programme and further information are available on the official IAL10 website.

Mapping groundwater aquifers located more than 400 metres beneath the seabed in the coastal area between Jesolo and Lignano. This was the objective of the recently completed oceanographic expedition carried out under the RESCUE project aboard the Laura Bassi research vessel of the National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics (OGS).

Coordinated by the University of Trieste, with OGS as a project partner, RESCUE aims to strengthen water security through research and innovation by identifying freshwater resources in unexplored coastal and offshore aquifers. Building on recent scientific discoveries, the project is mapping deep, low-salinity aquifers—located at depths exceeding 400 metres—both on land and beneath the seabed. At a time when freshwater resources in coastal regions are increasingly threatened by population growth, pollution and climate change, these aquifers could help supplement water supplies for drinking, agriculture and industry, while also reducing the costs associated with seawater desalination.

Researchers and students from OGS, the University of Trieste, the University of Pisa, CNR-ISMAR (Institute of Marine Sciences of the Italian National Research Council) in Bologna, the University of Malta, and the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI, California, USA) took part in the expedition aboard the Laura Bassi.

During the campaign, researchers carried out seismic reflection surveys to obtain high-resolution images of the subsurface beneath the seabed, together with seafloor mapping. In addition, electromagnetic surveys were conducted for the first time in the area to detect the possible presence of freshwater aquifers beneath the seabed. The investigations, which did not involve any seabed sampling, covered an area approximately 10 kilometres offshore, extending from Jesolo, in the Province of Venice, to the Tagliamento Delta off the coast of Lignano.

"The surveys were carried out under excellent environmental conditions, and all operations proceeded according to plan. The data collected are of very high quality, but several months of laboratory processing and analysis will be required before we can confirm the presence of freshwater aquifers beneath the northern Adriatic seabed," said Cristina Corradin, OGS researcher and scientific coordinator of the expedition.

"The operations required the integration of several geophysical techniques and close collaboration among the different research teams, the technical and scientific staff, and the ship's crew," explained Daniela Accettella of OGS, chief scientist aboard the Laura Bassi.

"After two years of scientific work, the RESCUE team has successfully applied innovative integrated geophysical methods for investigating deep offshore aquifers in one of the most promising study areas: the seabed of the northern Adriatic, particularly off the coast of Friuli Venezia Giulia. The new data will improve our understanding of regional groundwater resources and contribute to addressing water shortages linked to climate change and extreme events, such as the heatwave and drought currently affecting Europe," said Professor Michele Pipan of the University of Trieste, coordinator of the RESCUE project.

This oceanographic expedition has also laid the groundwork for a second research initiative funded by the European intergovernmental association JPI Oceans. Launched through a joint initiative by Malta and Italy, the new project will seek to confirm the presence of freshwater beneath the northern Adriatic seabed by drilling an offshore scientific borehole—the first of its kind in Europe. The project is coordinated by the University of Malta and involves OGS, the University of Trieste, the Alto Adriatico Technology Hub, as well as research institutions from Germany and Greece. It is funded by the Italian Ministry of University and Research (MUR) and the Autonomous Region of Friuli Venezia Giulia.

RESCUE – Resources in Coastal Groundwater Under Hydroclimatic Extremes is a project co-funded by the Water4All Partnership and the European Union. It addresses water scarcity in coastal regions by investigating deep groundwater resources located both onshore and beneath the seabed. The project focuses on mapping these resources, assessing their long-term sustainability, and developing policy recommendations for their sustainable use.

The project is coordinated by the University of Trieste, with OGS as a partner. Other partners include the University of Derby (United Kingdom), Ruden AS (Norway), and the University of Malta.

Professor Paolo Fornasiero, Full Professor of General and Inorganic Chemistry at the Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences of the University of Trieste and Vice Rector for Research, has been appointed Fellow of the Italian Academy of Engineering and Technology (ITATEC) in recognition of his outstanding scientific achievements and his contributions to research in materials chemistry, catalysis and sustainable technologies.

Established in 2022 on the initiative and with the support of the Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei, ITATEC brings together leading experts in engineering, technology and applied sciences to promote scientific and technological excellence and strengthen the links between research, innovation and society.

The Academy fosters the exchange of knowledge among universities, research organisations and industry, develops evidence-based recommendations on strategic technological issues, provides independent scientific advice to public institutions and private stakeholders, and promotes the international visibility of Italian engineering and technological research.

At the European level, ITATEC serves as the Italian reference academy within the European Council of Academies of Applied Sciences, Technologies and Engineering (Euro-CASE), the network of national academies from 23 European countries that provides independent scientific and technological advice to European institutions and other international bodies.

Professor Fornasiero's appointment represents an important recognition of both his scientific leadership and the excellence of research carried out at the University of Trieste, reaffirming the University's commitment to advancing scientific knowledge, technological innovation and knowledge transfer at the national and international levels.

The University of Trieste Graduation Day returned to the heart of the city to celebrate research, knowledge and new generations.

On Thursday 16 July, Piazza Verdi hosted the proclamation ceremony for the PhD graduates of the 38th cycle, which concluded with the distinctive and traditional mortarboard toss. Included in the Trieste Estate programme, the event transformed one of the most significant rituals of academic life into a public occasion for bringing the University and the city community together.

Following its debut last year, Graduation Day in the city has confirmed itself as an event through which UniTS shares with the local community the value of doctoral education and the contribution of research to the cultural, scientific, social and economic development of society.

Rector Donata Vianelli’s first Graduation Day

For Rector Donata Vianelli, this was the first Graduation Day since taking office.

“This year’s ceremony was the first I experienced as Rector of the University of Trieste and represented the consolidation of a new tradition for the University and the city. PhD graduates stand at the highest level of university education and mark the entry of new generations into the research community. Celebrating this milestone in Piazza Verdi means bringing knowledge beyond the places where it is produced and sharing it with society, because science is not only the advancement of knowledge: it is responsibility, confidence in the future and the ability to contribute to the common good.”

Graduation Day 2026 in numbers

The 2026 edition confirmed the growth of the University of Trieste’s PhD programmes. The 187 new PhD graduates proclaimed in Piazza Verdi represent a new record number for the University.

As Francesco Longo, UniTS professor and Rector’s Delegate for PhD Programmes, pointed out, “this figure is also linked to the impact of scholarships funded by the PNRR, Italy’s National Recovery and Resilience Plan: the 38th cycle is in fact the first to reach proclamation after fully including the scholarships launched in the 2022/2023 academic year, alongside the University of Trieste’s decision to continue investing its own resources in doctoral education.”

The 2026 class of new PhD graduates is made up of 89 women, accounting for 47.6%, and 98 men, accounting for 52.4%. The international component represents 14.4% of the total, with PhD graduates from 14 countries: Austria, Brazil, China, Costa Rica, Croatia, Ethiopia, the Philippines, France, India, Iran, Nicaragua, Pakistan, Rwanda and Tunisia. Overall, including Italy, 15 nationalities are represented, confirming a doctoral community open to Europe, Asia, Africa and the Americas.

The 13 programmes: cross-disciplinary research

The 187 new PhD graduates come from 13 PhD programmes, reflecting the cross-disciplinary nature of research developed at the University of Trieste: from life sciences to physics, from chemistry to engineering, from artificial intelligence to nanotechnology, from sustainability to cognitive sciences, as well as history, architecture and territorial studies.

The programmes involved are: Environment and Life; Applied Data Science and Artificial Intelligence; Molecular Biomedicine; Chemistry; Circular Economy; Physics; Civil-Environmental Engineering and Architecture; Industrial and Information Engineering; Nanotechnology; Neuroscience and Cognitive Science; Reproduction and Developmental Sciences; Earth Science and Fluid Mechanics; History of Societies, Institutions and Thought. From the Middle Ages to the Contemporary Age.

Guests, institutions and partners

The special guest of the evening was Alberto Di Minin, Professor of Innovation Management at the Sant’Anna School of Advanced Studies in Pisa, researcher and science communicator, who delivered the keynote lecture “The Future Needs Teachers and Mentors. Reflections on Research, Open Innovation and Human Responsibility”.

His lecture focused on the role of research in major technological and social transformations. Every age has imagined the future through the science and technology of its time, but revolutions are never produced by technologies alone. They require people capable of turning knowledge into possibility, building bridges between research, business and society, and giving innovation a human meaning.

Alongside science, music also played a central role in the evening, thanks to the performance by Pierpaolo Foti, violinist and composer.

The ceremony, hosted by journalist Marinella Chirico, was attended by Rector of the University of Trieste Donata Vianelli, Rector’s Delegate for PhD Programmes Francesco Longo, President of the Autonomous Region of Friuli Venezia Giulia Massimiliano Fedriga and Mayor of Trieste Roberto Dipiazza. Alberta Gervasio, Chief Executive Officer of Bluenergy Group S.P.A., and Luca Cristoforetti, General Manager of CiviBank, also took part on behalf of the partners supporting the initiative.

The mortarboard toss

The evening culminated in the proclamation of the new PhD graduates through the ritual of the mortarboard toss. The gesture, one of the most recognisable images of graduation ceremonies, is commonly traced back to the U.S. Naval Academy: in 1912, new officers threw their old cadet caps into the air. Since then, the mortarboard toss has become an immediate symbol of transition and collective celebration.

The event was also made possible thanks to the support of CiviBank and Bluenergy Group S.P.A., local partners of the initiative.

Trieste Estate is organised and promoted by the Municipality of Trieste, with the support of PromoTurismoFVG and in collaboration with the Trieste Convention & Visitors Bureau.