In a groundbreaking achievement, researchers from CNR – Istituto Officina dei Materiali (CNR-IOM), the University of Trieste, Italy, and Innsbruck, Austria, and Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste have successfully synthesized a novel two-dimensional crystalline form of diboron trioxide. This new crystal, composed entirely of structural units previously seen only in its disordered, glassy state, marks a significant scientific milestone. Published in the prestigious journal Science, the study confirms the existence of a structure previously predicted only in theory, and opening exciting possibilities for future applications of this innovative material.

Boron oxide is a critical component in the production of ultra-durable glasses, such as Pyrex, and high-performance enamels. The addition of boron trioxide enhances glass’s resistance to thermal shock and chemical reactions, making it ideal for demanding industrial and scientific applications. However, the vitrification process of boron oxide remains poorly understood, exhibiting unique anomalies compared to other oxides, like silica, which can exist in both crystalline and amorphous forms.

“The key distinction between a crystal and a glass lies in the ordered arrangement of atoms in the former, which is absent in the latter,” explains Alessandro Sala, a CNR-IOM researcher and the project’s lead designer. “Both materials typically share a basic structural unit of a few atoms, repeated throughout. In crystals, this “building block” is arranged in a precise, repeating pattern, while in glass, it is disordered. Boron oxide is an exception: its glassy phase contains a structural unit called boroxine – a ring of three boron and three oxygen atoms – that have never been observed in a crystalline form until now. Our team has achieved a world-first by creating a two-dimensional crystalline phase made entirely of these boroxine units.”

The international research team not only devised a method to synthesize this material, using platinum as a substrate, but also conducted detailed analyses of its physical properties. Maria Peressi, a professor at the University of Trieste, elaborates: “Our numerical simulations reveal that this porous material, formed by a lattice of boroxine rings, is extraordinary flexible – ten times more elastic than graphene, making it the most elastic single-layer material ever reported. This remarkable flexibility arises because the rigid boroxine rings are connected by a single oxygen atom, acting as a hinge that allows them to rotate in the plane. Experimental and simulation results also show that the material interacts weakly with its platinum substrate, suggesting it could be easily separated using conventional techniques for using in cutting-edge devices.”

Laerte Patera, a professor of University of Innsbruck, adds: “using advanced scanning tunneling microscopy in Trieste and Innsbruck, we visualized the crystalline structure of this two-dimensional material down to its individual atoms. This unprecedented resolution enables us to pinpoint the position of each atom in the lattice, offering valuable insights into how atoms reorganize during the transition from crystalline to glassy states. This capability will be transformative for future studies of material transformations.”

Andrea Locatelli, head of the Nanospectroscopy beamline at Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, emphasizes the mix of advanced technology: “Synchrotron light was instrumental in confirming the material’s elemental composition, purity and crystallinity. We can now produce homogeneous crystals spanning tens of square microns. The synergy between experimental techniques and numerical simulations was pivotal to this project’s success. With its unique properties – a wide-bandgap semiconductor that is both highly flexible and porous – this material holds immense potential for application in fields ranging from electronics and catalysis to quantum technologies.”

Adding to the significance of this achievement, the study’s first authors, Teresa Zio and Marco Dirindin, are PhD students from the University of Trieste, specializing in experimental and theoretical research, respectively. Their contribution highlights the University’s commitment to fostering excellence in advanced research training. 

Huge public participation and sold-out events: the 14th edition of Trieste Next, once again under the scientific direction of UniTS, has been a great success.

With its rich programme, the University managed to bring science into the square, engaging with children, welcoming Nobel laureates and internationally renowned scholars, and connecting with the citizens who crowd our stand every year.

Centre stage were today’s scientists and science communicators as well as those of tomorrow: this year, young people were truly among the leading voices animating the activities and shaping the narrative of the festival.

Thanks go to everyone who values and enjoys the festival, to those who discovered it for the first time and to those who have followed it from the beginning.

And a special thanks to our magnificent and tireless volunteers, our students, without whom Trieste Next would not be the same.

The 14th edition of Trieste Next opened today, Friday 26th September, dedicated to the theme ‘Life Within. Dialogues between Science and Technology.’ The University of Trieste is a central player in the festival, with a programme designed for the general public: from today until Sunday 28th September, UniTS will organise 18 events (six today, nine on Saturday, and three on Sunday), featuring more than fifty speakers, alongside the UniTS stand in Piazza Unità with ten interactive spaces and the ‘UniDiversitas’ information point.

Two international headline events are on the programme: David Quammen this evening at Teatro Verdi, and Nobel Laureate Brian K. Kobilka tomorrow evening on the same stage.

In the opening panel, Rector Donata Vianelli, taking part in her first Trieste Next as head of UniTS, reaffirmed the importance of a systemic and open approach:
 ‘Innovation does not come from individuals alone; it comes from the system – universities, institutions and businesses working together in open networks, with multidisciplinarity and both national and international openness. Only in this way does research stop being self-referential and translate into real solutions for the territory and for society.’

The first day’s programme includes events on cities in transition and inclusive tourism, followed by sessions on nuclear fusion and safety in research. In the evening, the stage will host the performance ‘Storie dentro’ and the encounter with David Quammen at Teatro Verdi.

On Saturday 27th September, the schedule covers generative artificial intelligence and algorithmic transparency, energy between myths and realities, dialogue between African traditional medicine and research, advanced microscopy (All-Micro), the ‘environmental plate’ (an interdisciplinary round table that, starting from the leftovers of a dinner, brings together statistics, economics, psychology, viticulture and Slow Food to balance taste, sustainability and health), glaciers and life between science and mountaineering, through to space robotics, culminating in the special evening event with Brian K. Kobilka at Teatro Verdi.

Sunday 28th September will close the programme with sessions on community justice, neuroscience and music, and ‘care-based tourism.’

At its stand in Piazza Unità, UniTS presents a showcase reflecting the breadth of its expertise: from journeys into space with ASTREO to quantum science; from health – with a focus on chronic pain and digital rehabilitation – to restorative justice; from comparative law to marine sciences and geosciences; from ‘Rogue AI’ (distinguishing safe from deceptive generative AI) to the chemistry of future materials; and from merit and community with Collegio Fonda to the UniDiversitas information point.

In this light, Trieste Next is the ideal environment for the University of Trieste to put this approach into practice:
 ‘Trieste Next is our ideal training ground: three days of dialogue and debate to analyse problems from different perspectives and build shared solutions. A research festival that is also a multicultural and multidisciplinary crossroads, where each participant contributes an essential part to improving people’s lives and our future,’ concluded Rector Vianelli.

All UniTS events

At the end of September UniTS will be illuminated in gold to mark Gold September, the international awareness campaign on childhood and adolescent cancer Light it up gold / Go Gold, promoted worldwide by Childhood Cancer International.

The Italian campaign is organised by FIAGOP (Italian Federation of Parents’ and Survivors’ Associations in Paediatric Haematology and Oncology) and is supported in Trieste by AGMEN, the association that provides help to families of children with cancer treated at the Burlo Garofolo Research Hospital.

From 21st to 28th September, associations and families across Italy will take to the streets with the symbol of the Gold Ribbon, representing the strength and resilience of children with cancer. Wearing it is a sign of solidarity with young patients and their families, and a way of shining a light of hope.

This year, the campaign coincides with a long-awaited milestone: the final approval of the law on the right to be forgotten in oncology. This will allow more than 45,000 former paediatric patients to access banking, insurance, employment and adoption without discrimination.

Every year, more than 400,000 children and adolescents worldwide are diagnosed with a malignant tumour – one every three minutes. While survival rates in high-income countries approach 80%, in middle- and low-income countries they remain below 20%. In Italy, around 2,400 new cases are diagnosed annually, with recovery rates close to 80% and peaks of nearly 90% for some conditions. These figures point to significant progress, while also highlighting the urgent need for increasingly personalised treatments with fewer side effects.

The Euclid Consortium has published the largest simulated galaxy catalogue to date, making it available to researchers worldwide. It includes 3.4 billion galaxies, each modelled with numerous properties such as brightness, position, velocity and shape. The work was developed by eight European institutions, led by the Institute of Space Sciences (ICE-CSIC) and the Port d’Informació Científica (PIC) in Barcelona, Spain.

The new catalogue is available on the CosmoHub platform.

The University of Trieste contributed to the project by validating the catalogue, ensuring its suitability for cosmological analysis.

In parallel, Pierluigi Monaco, Professor of Astrophysics and Cosmology, and his team produced a set of thousands of simulations using a fast approximate method called PINOCCHIO (PIN-pointing Orbit Crossing Collapsed HIerarchical Objects). The 4,500 simulations replicate the sample that Euclid will observe through spectroscopy, with the aim of calculating the uncertainties in determining cosmological parameters.

To learn more, the Italian National Institute for Astrophysics (INAF) interviewed Prof. Monaco, first author of the article recently accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics on these simulations.

Read the interview “Thousands of Simulations: One Universe Is Not Enough” – MEDIA INAF

Federico Rosei, professor of Industrial Chemistry at the Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences of the University of Trieste, recently elected Member of the Italian Academy of Engineering and Technology, has been elected Foreign Member of the Australian Academy of Technology and Engineering - ATSE.

The election of prof. Rosei recognises his pioneering contribution in the field of nanomaterials and his international leadership in research, innovation and training of young people. The ATSE Class of 2025 brings together 35 leading scientists and engineers who represent the cutting edge of technological progress and applied sciences worldwide. Among them, Federico Rosei is the only Foreign Member.

This recognition by the Australian Academy of Technology and Engineering further highlights prof. Rosei's achievements as a world-renowned scientist.

The Australian Academy of Technology and Engineering (ATSE) is an independent academy founded in Melbourne that brings together over 900 of Australia's leading engineers, technologists and scientists.

On the night of 22nd September, UniTS will turn off the lights on its façade to firmly condemn all ongoing wars.

At a time when the role of universities as builders of peace and bridges of collaboration between peoples is under threat, the University wishes to reaffirm the strategic importance of the free sharing of knowledge in improving international relations and addressing global challenges.

The statue of Minerva beside the grand staircase in Piazzale Europa – a symbol of knowledge – will remain in darkness tonight, not only to highlight this concern but also to express mourning for the victims of the conflicts underway.

On 21st September, the 32nd World Alzheimer’s Day will be observed. In Italy, more than 600,000 people live with the disease, a number that ISTAT estimates will exceed two million by 2030.

The University of Trieste is taking part in the 2025 campaign promoted by Alzheimer’s Disease International: ‘Ask About Dementia. Ask About Alzheimer’s.’ On Sunday 21st September 2025, the façade of Building A will be illuminated in purple, the colour of the forget-me-not, the flower symbol of the disease.

‘In the field of applied clinical research,’ recalls Paolo Manganotti, professor of Neurology at the University of Trieste and Director of the Neurology Clinic at the local healthcare provider ASUGI, ‘the frontier is represented by the forthcoming availability of monoclonal antibodies, which appear to slow the progression of the disease, and by new forms of brain neuromodulation. These minimally invasive approaches modify the activity of neurons and neural circuits with the aim of correcting abnormal signals and treating neurological and psychiatric disorders.’

To mark the occasion, the Italian Alzheimer’s Federation has presented the World Alzheimer Report 2025, drafted by Alzheimer’s Disease International (ADI). The document highlights rehabilitation as an effective and sustainable intervention, in line with new guidelines from the Italian National Institute of Health, and calls attention to two priorities: the provision of accessible telerehabilitation services throughout the country and the training of rehabilitation therapists, both of which are essential to improving the quality of life of people with dementia and their caregivers.

World Alzheimer’s Day offers an opportunity for the academic community to express solidarity and closeness to people with dementia, to their families and to

their caregivers, whose contribution remains invaluable and irreplaceable in ensuring continuity of care.

Across its institutional channels, UniTS will use the hashtags #AskAboutDementia and #AskAboutAlzheimers to connect with the international campaign and guide the public towards reliable information.

‘A university’s budget, and in particular its Social Report, is the starting point for defining a vision and a strategy for the future.’ With these words, Rector Donata Vianelli opened the Trieste stage of the national Oscar di Bilancio Roadshow, hosted in the Ceremony Hall of the Friuli Venezia Giulia Regional Palace and dedicated to financial and sustainability reporting in the relationship between enterprises, organisations and stakeholders.

‘The university world has undergone profound changes in recent years and is becoming increasingly complex,’ Vianelli observed. ‘This complexity is reflected in teaching, which must begin with listening to the needs of the community and guide students to become who they aspire to be.’

‘Research, too, is complex,’ she continued. ‘Basic research is the engine that can generate applied research, bringing direct benefits to the community. Innovation creates value only if it is able to support local enterprises. The university,’ she concluded, ‘must be a hub for dialogue, where companies can share their needs, but where universities must also put forward new projects.’

Rector Vianelli emphasised the importance of the Social Report for the University of Trieste, which has published it consistently since 2020. She also underlined the central role of gender equality: thanks to an initiative launched by the former Rector, the proportion of full professors who are women at UniTS has risen from 20 to 28 per cent.

The event focused on the importance of engaging stakeholders and the wider community, both to generate value and to demonstrate the positive impact of organisational actions through reporting tools. Transparency and rigour in communicating results were highlighted as essential conditions for building trust and credibility.

Now in its 61st edition, the Oscar di Bilancio Roadshow is promoted by the Italian federation for public relations (FERPI) together with Bocconi University and Borsa Italiana, with Deloitte as technical supporter and Il Sole 24 Ore as media partner. FERPI, as organiser, reaffirmed its commitment to ethical communication, even in an era of rapid technological change, promoting a culture of transparency and rigour in relations with the wider public.

The Trieste event featured the participation of Regional Councillor Alessia Rosolen and representatives of some of the area’s leading businesses, including Fincantieri, Generali and illycaffè, confirming the role of the Social Report as a tool for dialogue between institutions, enterprises and civil society.

The entire academic community extends its deepest sympathy to the family and friends of Marta Gianelli at this time of great sorrow. We share below the tribute written by Professor Barbara Milani, who supported her in the first steps of her research career.

Marta studied Chemistry at the University of Milan, where she graduated with top marks in February 2024. In September 2024 she won a research fellowship competition at the University of Trieste and, from the following month, joined the group of Professor Barbara Milani in the Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutics as a young research assistant.

Marta was a brilliant young researcher, full of enthusiasm and eager to continue her academic journey with a doctorate. In July she had been awarded a scholarship to pursue a PhD in Chemistry at the University of Trieste, but had decided to take up her doctoral studies at another European university and was in the middle of interviews in recent days.

Although at the very beginning of her post-graduate career, she contributed actively to the life of the group, with ideas and great initiative, and was immediately held in deep affection by us all. She often spoke about her projects and, even though we were able to share only a few months with her, I am certain that a bright future as a scientist and as a woman awaited her.