Tiziano Agostini, Professor of General Psychology at the Department of Life Sciences at the University of Trieste, received the prestigious Wolfgang Metzger Prize during the opening ceremony of the 23rd Scientific Conference of the Society for Gestalt Theory and its Applications (GTA), held at the University of Milan-Bicocca. The award was presented to him for the book ‘Showing Time: Continuous Pictorial Narrative and the Adam and Eve Story - In Memory of Alberto Argenton’, of which he is co-author.

The prize, named after the German psychologist Wolfgang Metzger, is awarded to those who have significantly contributed to the research and application of Gestalt Theory. Gestalt is an interdisciplinary approach that sees the human being as an open system in constant interaction with its environment. It focuses on how we perceive the whole of an experience or phenomenon, rather than its individual parts, emphasising the importance of global perceptual structures. In a nutshell, what we perceive is not a sum of elements, but simply a synthesis of reality.

For Professor Agostini, this award represents not only a personal accolade, but also an important achievement for the Department of Life Sciences at the University of Trieste. This is the second time that the Metzger Prize has been awarded to a lecturer at the University of Trieste: the first to receive it was Gaetano Kanizsa, founder of the Experimental Psychology Laboratory in Trieste, together with Riccardo Luccio in 1987.

With the awarding of Tiziano Agostini, the University of Trieste reaffirms its leading role on the international academic scene, continuing its tradition of excellence in research on the psychology of perception and experience..

An international study co-ordinated by the Interdisciplinary Centre of Nanoscience of Marseille, with the collaboration of organisations and research centres of excellence, including the Biology and Nanotechnology Laboratory of the Department of Engineering and Architecture at the University of Trieste, has synthesised a new antibacterial compound that promises to be an excellent candidate for the fight against antibiotic resistance, a growing global public health problem that still causes millions of deaths worldwide.

‘The main threat is posed by the eskape group of bacteria - comprising the genera Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter species - because they are particularly virulent and resistant to antibiotics introduced with treatment” explains Sabrina Pricl, one of the study's researchers and associate professor of chemical engineering at the Department of Engineering and Architecture at the University of Trieste. “Hence the need to develop new antibacterial agents that, on the one hand, are able to kill bacteria, on the other, are not toxic to the organisms that take them in and, above all, do not induce the appearance of further drug resistance.’

The molecule synthesised by the researchers - an amphiphilic dendrimer called AD1b - proved highly efficient against all Gram-negative bacteria, including drug-resistant strains such as Escherichia coli and Acinetobacter baumannii.

The compound interacts with the bacterium by an innovative mechanism of action: it binds to the phospholipids of the bacterial membrane, such as phosphatidylglycerol and cardiolipin, causing the destruction of the membrane itself and the consequent collapse of cell metabolism, leading to the death of the bacterium, without damaging healthy cells - even in vivo - and minimising the risk of developing new resistance, a problem that otherwise plagues traditional antibiotics.

In preclinical tests, the molecule demonstrated strong antibacterial activity as well as great safety, with very low toxicity and no haemolytic effect - results later confirmed in in vivo tests. Moreover, after thirty days of exposure to the compound, no resistance was observed; on the contrary, a drastic reduction in the bacterial load in infected animals was observed.

‘This molecule could pave the way for safer and more targeted therapies and thus give an impetus to the treatment of resistant infections: together with its efficacy, in fact, the ability to not induce resistance puts it in pole position to be further developed at the clinical translational level’ explains Professor Sabrina Pricl.

Researchers from the University of Trieste worked on the design of the AD1 molecule and took part in the computational study, using molecular dynamics simulations to study the interaction between AD1b and the bacterial membrane, applying advanced methodologies supported by CINECA's supercomputing resources.

The research project was funded with NRRP funds and was supported by ICSC, the National Research Centre in High-Performance Computing, Big Data and Quantum Computing.

As part of the activities of SiS FVG, the Scientific and Innovation System of Friuli Venezia Giulia, which coordinates 17 regional research and innovation entities, Area Science Park in collaboration with the University of Trieste is promoting for the second year a series of seminars on the topics of intellectual property and the exploitation of research results, making use of the experience of expert speakers in technical and legal aspects from the GLP group.

The initiative, created to disseminate knowledge of intellectual property to students, faculty and researchers at the University, is open to all interested parties.

The seminars will be held at the UniTS CLab, 40 F. Severo Street (Former Military Hospital), in Trieste.

Participation in the seminars is free of charge, after registering at the following link   

PROGRAM:

• Module 1 - Overview of Intellectual Property Rights - Patent Focus

  September 26, 2024 from 3:00 p.m. to 6:00 p.m.

  Speaker: Stefano Ligi

• Module 2 - New discipline of inventions in the academic field (art.65 C.P.I.)

  October 9, 2024 from 16:00 to 18:00 hours

  Speaker: Lorenzo Fabro

• Module 3 – NDA e Licensing

      October 14, 2024 from 4:00 p.m. to 6:00 p.m.

      Speaker: Lawyer Erika Poletti

• Module 4 - Copyright e Creative Commons

      November 13, 2024 from 5:00 p.m. to 7:00 p.m.

      Speaker: Lawyer Carmela Barilà

For information:  clab@units.it 

The new Major Project of the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs nad International Cooperation (MAECI) entitled ‘CoReng - Conservation of the Religions Complex in Old Cairo through the integration of geosciences and earthquake engineering’ has been launched.

The Italy-Egypt bilateral scientific and technological collaboration project, coordinated by Chiara Bedon, involves UniTS with researchers and lecturers from the Department of Engineering and Architecture (DIA) and the Department of Mathematics, Computer Science and Geosciences (MIGe). 

CoReng's theme is ‘New Technologies applied to Cultural and Natural Heritage’.

The objective is to develop new methodologies for monitoring, assessing the vulnerability, hazard and seismic risk of the monumental buildings of the Religious Complex in Old Cairo. These are highly specialised and multidisciplinary activities, which demonstrate the strong synergy between the various fields of civil engineering and geosciences.

For DIA, in addition to Chiara Bedon, Marco Fasan, Raul Berto, Alessio Bortot, Stefano Bozza, Alessandro Mazelli (PhD student) and Franco Vaccari (with a CoReng research grant) are involved. Fabio Romanelli is collaborating on the project for MIGe.

The joint activities will be carried out in cooperation with colleagues at the National Research Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics (NRIAG) in Cairo, coordinated by Hesham Mossa.

CoReng is one of the four projects (out of more than 100 applications) selected for the new 2024-2026 Executive Programme, and provides funding of €200,000

University of Trieste PhD student in Applied Data Science and Artificial Intelligence Davide Basso won the prestigious EDA (Electronic Design Automation) Competition during the SMACD conference (International Conference on Synthesis, Modeling, Analysis and Simulation Methods, and Applications to Circuit Design). This important international event was held in Volos, Greece.

The EDA Competition aims to promote the advancement of automation in circuit and integrated system design. Davide's success is the result of a close collaboration between the University of Trieste, in particular the PhD student himself under the supervision of Prof. Luca Bortolussi, and Infineon Technologies, a leading multinational in the semiconductor industry. Together, they have developed machine learning-based solutions for the complete automation of analogue circuit layouts, an area of growing interest in electronic engineering.

The jury, made up of academic representatives from universities such as Seville, Thessaloniki, Parma and Salerno, as well as industry representatives such as Ansys, evaluated the submitted projects according to criteria of complexity, level of automation and integration with commercial systems. At the end of the evaluations, Davide Basso and Jiaxiang Pan, from the University of Ningbo - China, were declared winners due to the high innovative value of their work.

The award confirms the importance of their research work in the field of artificial intelligence applied to circuit automation, underlining the role of our university in helping to revolutionise the technology sector.

In the photo, Davide Basso and Jiaxiang Pan, Master's student in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at Ningbo University, China

A silent, quiet, protected space: a new museum area dedicated to sensory decompression will be available within the exhibition route at the Science Centre Immaginario Scientifico of Trieste from 10th September.

This innovative space is the result of a collaboration between the Science Centre Immaginario Scientifico and the University of Trieste, with the contribution of Fondosviluppo FVG. It is a refuge area for those who, while visiting such a dynamic and socialising environment as the science centre, may need a break to rebalance their senses.

The space was presented on Tuesday 10th September by Serena Mizzan, president and director of the Science Centre Immaginario Scientifico, Caterina Falbo, Deputy Rector for Third Mission and Knowledge Dissemination at the University of Trieste, Giuseppina Scavuzzo, associate professor in Architectural and Urban Composition at the University of Trieste, and Elena Bulfone, president of the non-profit foundation ProgettoAutismo FVG.

The initiative stems from the need to make the museum more and more inclusive for all visitors, in particular for people with sensory atypicalities, such as those on the autistic spectrum, the elderly, or people with neurodegenerative disorders. The Science Centre Immaginario Scientifico is in fact already accessible to people with motor, visual and hearing disabilities, and works constantly on cognitive and sensory inclusivity, with the aim of being accessible to all and improving the well-being of visitors.

The decompression space includes a special seat, covered in sound-absorbing material, known as the Alone-Together Seat. This innovative piece of furniture, designed as part of the European research project The Sensitive Home Senshome, led by Prof. Giuseppina Scavuzzo of the Department of Engineering and Architecture of the University of Trieste, is intended to promote the sensory well-being of people with autism or other sensory and cognitive disabilities. Originally designed for residential environments, the seat has been adapted for the museum context and can accommodate up to two people, thus providing a quiet space for other needs, such as breastfeeding or for situations where sensory overload is experienced.

Completing the shelter area is an element of separation from the rest of the museum, covered with sound-absorbing material, and two information panels, also made of sound-absorbing material, provided free of charge by Eternoivica s.r.l. of Padua. The information panels offer explanations on topics such as the perception of sound, sensory overload and sensory atypicality, the functioning of sound-absorbing and sound-insulating materials.

The new space is therefore not only a place of rest and refuge, but also a tool for knowledge dissemination. It tells the public about the multidisciplinary research conducted by the University of Trieste, with a focus on the importance of neurodiversity and sensory atypicality. Consolidating the University's existing presence at the Science Centre Immaginario Scientifico, Unidiversitas, the newly inaugurated space testifies to the University's commitment to promoting accessibility and inclusion as well. 

The excavation campaign carried out by the UniTS Humanities Department team in the area of the ‘House of Dancing Putti’ (near today's Via Gemina), entrusted with an excavation concession by the Ministry of Culture - Friuli Venezia Giulia's Superintendency of Archaeology, Fine Arts and Landscape Heritage, led to a number of important discoveries, including the discovery of a marble statue of Dionysus.

The ‘quarter’ under investigation, to the northwest of the forum, was characterised by its centrality with respect to the political and commercial heart of Aquileia and to the network of water and land communications within and outside the city. Inside was a vast and luxurious late antique residence, known as the House of the Dancing Putti, which had occupied the entire quarter since its first settlement (mid 4th century AD).

Thanks to the investigations of the University of Trieste, it has been possible to rediscover a series of rooms, once decorated with mosaics, whose characteristics and dimensions can be identified with some of those identified in the 1930s by the archaeologist Giovanni Brusin and subsequently re-interred. This yields important data for scientific research.

The first new development is of a topographical nature: the team georeferenced these remains and verified the actual correspondence between them and archive data (plans, photos, drawings, etc.).

The second concerns the chronology proposed for some mosaic floors that have been dated so far, in the absence of contextual data, on the basis of stylistic typological analysis. New dating proposals can now be made on stratigraphic bases and on the association with the materials found.

A further fundamental result was that of being able to ‘link’ the remains identified in the 1930s with those of the House of the Dancing Putti, of which, in all probability, they constituted a representative sector.

Also of great importance was the work carried out inside an uncovered area, possibly used as a garden, where, thanks to the absence of mosaic floors, it was possible to descend in depth and intercept, more than a metre from the floor level and under a clay fill, an opus signinum (a type of Roman concrete) floor whose chronology is still being defined, but probably predates the mid-1st century AD. Precisely from the excavation in this area, it was possible to recover a valuable marble statuette depicting Dionysus, a rare testimony of the sculptural decoration of this late antique house.

The dissemination of the significant data discovered over the years at this site is also possible thanks to the extraordinary openings of the excavation sites, organised by the Fondazione Aquileia in collaboration with Friuli Venezia Giulia's Superintendency of Archaeology, Fine Arts and Landscape Heritage (Soprintendenza Archeologia, belle arti e paesaggio del Friuli Venezia Giulia), on the occasion of the European Archaeology Days, held this year on 13th, 14th and 15th June, and the next European Heritage Days (28th and 29th September). These events, like all other public archaeology initiatives supported by the University of Trieste in the excavation site of Aquileia, provide an opportunity to share our archaeological heritage and contribute to strengthening the value of the traces of the past as a shared public asset.

Il prof. Federico Rosei, del Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche di UniTS, è il vincitore dell’edizione 2024 del Nanotechnology Recognition Award di AVS (American Vacuum Society), la comunità internazionale di scienziati e ingegneri attivi nella promozione della ricerca nel campo della tecnologia dei materiali.

Il riconoscimento, assegnato dalla divisione NSTD (Nanoscience and Technology Division) di AVS, premia ogni anno scienziati che si sono distinti per i loro eccezionali contributi scientifici e tecnici nel campo della della ricerca su materiali in scala nanometrica.

I ricercatori di Genomics England, dell'Università di Trieste e del Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children dell’NHS Foundation Trust hanno sviluppato un nuovo algoritmo per rendere più accurata l'analisi del sequenziamento completo del genoma, effettuato con tecniche di Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) in pazienti con tumori del sangue.

L’algoritmo sviluppato ha l’obiettivo di interpretare più precisamente i dati del sequenziamento nei casi in cui i campioni di cellule idealmente sane, prelevati dai pazienti, risultino invece contaminati da cellule malate.

Nei pazienti malati di cancro, il sequenziamento completo del genoma può essere utilizzato per identificare mutazioni che possono influenzare il successivo sviluppo del tumore e quindi la prognosi della malattia. Per identificarle tali mutazioni è necessario confrontare il DNA delle cellule tumorali con quello di un tessuto sano dello stesso paziente. A questo scopo vengono prelevati almeno due campioni diversi, uno direttamente dal tumore e uno attraverso un prelievo di sangue che in principio dovrebbe contenere solo cellule sane.

Una volta effettuato il sequenziamento del DNA contenuto nei due campioni, le sequenze ottenute sono analizzate tramite procedure bioinformatiche. Si tratta di processi automatizzati che tuttavia, in caso di pazienti malati di cancro, possono incontrare problemi se il campione di cellule sane è contaminato da cellule tumorali. La contaminazione può infatti influenzare negativamente l’accuratezza dei risultati generati da questa procedura. Il rischio è particolarmente rilevante nel caso di tumori del sangue, dato che le cellule tumorali si trovano proprio nel flusso sanguigno ed è dunque pressoché impossibile separarle da quelle sane in un prelievo.

Per risolvere questo problema, il gruppo di ricercatori ha sviluppato un nuovo strumento informatico, un algoritmo chiamato TINC – Tumour In Normal Contamination assessment, con cui stimare il livello di contaminazione tumorale nei campioni normali. Lo strumento si basa su algoritmi utilizzati per comprendere l'evoluzione del tumore ed i risultati ottenuti sono stati pubblicati oggi su Nature Communications.

L‘algoritmo TINC aiuta a stabilire la percentuale di cellule tumorali presenti nel campione normale, in modo che, in presenza di un elevato livello di contaminazione, si possa attivare un flusso di analisi alternativo a quello standard, in grado di fornire a scienziati e medici dati più precisi sul genoma tumorale. Il fine è arrivare a una diagnosi più accurata che permetta di scegliere le terapie più adatte da somministrare a ciascun paziente.

Il nuovo algoritmo è immediatamente entrato a far parte degli strumenti di lavoro con cui Genomics England, società britannica di proprietà del Ministero della Salute e dell'Assistenza Sociale del Regno Unito, quotidianamente fornisce le analisi di Whole Genome Sequencing agli ospedali e ai centri clinici de Servizio Sanitario Nazionale del Regno Unito.

I ricercatori hanno testato TINC utilizzando i dati di sequenziamento raccolti nell’ambito del progetto su larga scala “100.000 genomi”, che nel 2013 ha portato alla fondazione di Genomics England. Hanno quindi confrontato i dati elaborati dall’algoritmo con quelli ottenuti attraverso le tecnologie standard utilizzate per il test di malattia residua nei tumori del sangue. Si tratta di test in cui si verifica il numero di cellule tumorali rimaste nel sangue di un paziente dopo il trattamento.

“I Progetti che su larga scala utilizzano le tecnologie di sequenziamento per studiare le malattie oncologiche hanno un potenziale rivoluzionario”, sostiene Giulio Caravagna (nella foto), professore di Informatica dell’Università di Trieste e responsabile del Laboratorio Cancer Data Science, sostenuto dalla Fondazione AIRC per la ricerca sul cancro. “Tuttavia – prosegue Caravagna – l‘uso di tecnologie innovative come Whole Genome Sequencing richiede strumenti di analisi altrettanto innovativi. Il nostro laboratorio è fortemente specializzato nella costruzione di tali strumenti. Lo sviluppo di TINC nasce nell’ambito di una prestigiosa collaborazione internazionale tra l'Università degli Studi di Trieste e Genomics England e la sua implementazione in un contesto clinico su tutto il territorio inglese rappresenta un traguardo eccezionale che conferma il valore della ricerca in scienza dei dati del nostro ateneo”.

“L'implementazione dell'algoritmo TINC nella pipeline di Genomics England – spiega Alona Sosinsky, direttore scientifico del settore oncologico dell’azienda pubblica britannica – ci ha permesso di migliorare l'accuratezza dei test genomici per i pazienti con tumori del sangue. Questo progetto è un esempio di successo in cui dati generati da un progetto di sequenziamento su larga scala vengono interpretati usando tecniche di analisi avanzate, al fine di ottenere strumenti maggiormente precisi da cui prendere decisioni cliniche per la cura dei pazienti”.

"Grazie al Servizio di Medicina Genomica, ora utilizziamo il sequenziamento dell'intero genoma di routine per la diagnostica in ambito clinico - afferma Jack Bartram, specialista in ematologia pediatrica del Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, struttura gestita dal NHS Foundation Trust -. L'implementazione dell'algoritmo TINC ci consente, come clinici, una maggiore fiducia nell'analisi dei dati genomici, che in ultima analisi vengono utilizzati ogni giorno per migliorare le terapie rivolte ai nostri pazienti".

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Studio pubblicato su Nature Communications, 18 gennaio 2024       
‘Clinical application of tumour in normal contamination assessment from whole genome sequencing’

Jonathan Mitchell1,8, Salvatore Milite2,3,8, Jack Bartram4, Susan Walker1, Nadezda Volkova1, Olena Yavorska1, Magdalena Zarowiecki1, Jane Chalker5, Rebecca Thomas4, Luca Vago6, Alona Sosinsky1,9 & Giulio Caravagna3,7,9

1Genomics England, London, UK.
2Computational Biology Research Centre, Human Technopole, Milan, Italy.
3Cancer Data Science Laboratory, Department of Mathematics, Informatics and Geosciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
4Department of Haematology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK.
5Specialist Integrated Haematological Malignancy Diagnostic Service - Acquired Genomics, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK.
6Research Unit of Immunogenetics, Leukemia Genomics and Immunobiology, IRCCS Hospital San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
7Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
8These authors contributed equally: Jonathan Mitchell, Salvatore Milite.
9These authors jointly supervised this work: Alona Sosinsky, Giulio Caravagna.

“Dobrila Tat. Il tesoro di Erpelle 1921” è il libro dell’assegnista di ricerca in Numismatica e Storia monetaria al Dipartimento di Studi Umanistici UniTS, Giulio Carraro, sullo straordinario ritrovamento di 5000 monete che raccontano la storia dell’area giuliana.

Nel 1921 fu rinvenuto a Erpelle, paesino sloveno abitato da agricoltori, un “tesoro” composto da oltre cinquemila monete d’oro e d’argento, tutte del tardo medioevo ma di diversa provenienza. Una scoperta straordinaria che diede testimonianza della vitalità economica di quel periodo storico, caratterizzato da un’intensa produzione monetaria come naturale reazione alle complesse circostanze sociali, politiche ed economiche. Il tesoro di Erpelle scomparve misteriosamente subito dopo la sua scoperta: Giulio Carraro l’ha riportato alla luce dopo oltre un secolo di oblio. 

“L’insieme delle monete ritrovate non è frutto di un singolo furto ma di una serie di rapine messe in atto da una banda nell’arco di qualche anno” – spiega Giulio Carraro – “si tratta verosimilmente di una “cassa di raccolta” delle refurtive che offre oggi uno spaccato straordinario della vita nelle nostre zone nel 1300. La grande eterogeneità delle valute ritrovate racconta in modo inedito le relazioni mercantili e gli scambi commerciali nell’Europa centrale e orientale del XIV secolo.” 

Le caratteristiche del tesoro di Erpelle permettono anche un approfondimento degli studi sul fenomeno del banditismo medievale, spesso stimolato non solo dalla cupidigia ma anche dall’istinto di sopravvivenza.

Il volume è edito da EUT ed è dedicato al Civico Museo d’Antichità “J. J. Winckelmann”.