Contenuto Image DA VINCI – In Da Vinci’s mind: Fundamental Correlates of Creativity for Artists and Scientists • Responsabile Scientifico: Agnoli Sergio• Dipartimento: Scienze della Vita• Codice Progetto: 2022CX5TLZ_001• CUP: J53D23007990001• Finaziamento MUR UniTS: 84.291,00 €Abstract: The study of creativity is essential for the understanding of the continuous exponential growth of human knowledge. However, despite rare examples of exceptional success in different knowledge domains, (see Leonardo Da Vinci), anecdotal examples as well as research evidence clearly show how creativity is differently expressed in diverse domains. Especially the scientific and artistic cultures are taken as extreme examples of the different phenomenological expression of creative thinking. There are in particular two fundamental research questions which are still open in this regard: which are the functional and neural mechanisms that characterize and distinguish scientific versus artistic creative performance and achievement? Which is the weight of creativity and of intelligence to succeed in these two knowledge domains? In fact, a direct neurophysiological comparison of creativity in these two domains is lacking and clear evidences of any different neural characterization of creativity in art and science are very scant. In the same way, rare evidence exists on the relationship between intelligent and creative behaviors in scientific and artistic contexts in the definition of creative achievement. The aim of the present project is to fill these important gaps by systematically exploring the differences and communalities in creative thinking performance and creative achievement in arts and science both from a neurophysiological and from a behavioral point of view. To this purpose, three Work Packages will be carried out with the main goals to:1) analyse the core neural characterization of the cognitive mechanisms defining creative thinking performance in artists and in scientists. Based on EEG methodology, a systematic exploration of the brain temporal dynamics associated with performance in diverse creative thinking tasks will be analysed in a group of participants from the scientific and the artistic knowledge domains. Moreover, this WP will be devoted to the exploration of the cerebral networks associated with creative achievement. Specifically, the spontaneous cerebral dynamics of a brain in resting state associated with the creative success in arts and science will be explored.2) analyse the differential weight of intelligence and creativity according to the nature of the context in science and art. By an exploration of different conceptual spaces in art and science in terms of looseness and tightness, the explanatory role of intelligence and creativity to success in several scenarios within the scientific and artistic knowledge domains will be explored.3) define a theoretical and empirically testable model to explain the role of brain dynamics and connectivity, creative abilities, intelligence and the context in defining the creative success in art and science. Based on the within-nature design of the DA VINCI project and using a structural equation model approach, we will test the explanatory role of these different variables on the creative success in art and science.If we consider creativity to be the spark for the development of novel science and art, as well as the engine for the exponential increase of knowledge within the two disciplines, this project is aimed at exploring the very soul of the two cultures. The findings extracted from this project could potentially reveal the behavioural and neurophysiological substrates bringing together and/or differentiating creative behaviour expressed in the two knowledge domains. DiLeGIS– Lingua, genere e cittadinanza nelle società democratiche. DiLeGIS - Osservatorio sul discorso legislativo e di genere in Italia e in Spagna • Responsabile Scientifico: Luque Rocio• Dipartimento: Scienze Giuridiche, del Linguaggio, dell’Interpretazione e della Traduzione• Codice Progetto: 2022E5TBEM_001• CUP: J53D23008010006• Finaziamento MUR UniTS: 56.024,00 €Abstract: The research project is part of the general framework of objective number 5 of the United Nations 2030 Agenda ("Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls") and aims to study the reflection of the gender issue from a particular observation perspective: the legislative discourse in Spain and Italy.The debate on gender in both countries is vibrant and current, as shown by the reference bibliography and the summary reported in the state of the art. In this theoretical line, we intend to investigate the relationship between language, culture, society, and institutions by observing gender discourse (gender identity, gender equality, linguistic sexism) and how it is constructed in the legislative texts focused on these issues. With its normative function, the legislative language reflects society's political and cultural changes and represents an interesting observatory of the social context, rights and citizenship. Furthermore, the language - that shapes laws - participates in constructing value systems, sensitising and guiding social behaviour.In this panorama, one of the most profound changes that have marked our era is represented by the progressive recognition of women as a political subject. This phenomenon emerges most strongly in the international context starting from the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) of the United Nations, which is then declined in different ways in the legislative actions of each country.Within this framework, the project aims to create a permanent linguistic observatory of legislative discourse and gender in Italy and Spain - DiLeGIS - considering the legislative texts issued in both countries in their respective democratic phases (starting from the end of the 1970s and 1950s, respectively). The observatory’s resource set will flow into the homonymous portal.The expected results are both of a scientific nature:• open-access digital corpus,• digital glossary,• scientific publications,• report on the progress of communication in legislative texts,• organisation and participation in international conferences, and linked to initiatives of a widespread nature:Planning training courses for inclusive citizenship and the fight against violence and gender discrimination: "Civic Education 3.0" for the youngest and MOOCs, seminars and workshops for continuing education.The impact of the project, therefore, appears highly high to:• citizenship,• institutions,• subjects involved in scientific research on gender language in the European context,• L2 Spanish language teachers at various levels,• intercultural education,• translators and interpreters,• linguistic and cultural mediators. DREAM– Disentangling heteRogeneity in autism: from EArly behavioral markers to individual treatment responses through a Machine learning approach • Responsabile Scientifico: Bortolotti Elena• Dipartimento: Studi Umanistici• Codice Progetto: 20225MH5NM_002• CUP: J53D23007840006• Finaziamento MUR UniTS: 53.066,00 €Abstract: Autism is a set of neurodevelopmental conditions characterized by social communication impairments along with restrictive and repetitive behaviors. Despite a single diagnostic label, autism is highly heterogeneous with a certain variability of early behavioral signs and onset and considerably different developmental trajectories since early childhood. These important aspects, although widely acknowledged, have not been specifically and sufficiently addressed yet. Hence, the DREAM project aims to explore, through novel machine and deep learning approaches, autism heterogeneity under the lens of early motor and gesture development, trying to identify: (i) novel predictable and precocious behavioral markers of an autism risk; (ii) possible autism subtypes underlying shared behavioral signatures; (iii) individual-level developmental trajectories and treatment outcomes based on early behaviorally clustered autistic traits related to early motor and gesture development. In particular, the project will investigate, for the first time, delays and atypicalities in early motor precursors, actions and gestures, and their chain with gaze and speech, rigorously coded using a detailed micro-analytic system, in a novel cohort of young children with and without autism and in an already collected large sample of about 100 children who underwent an early naturalistic developmental behavioral intervention such as the Early Start Denver Model (ESDM). Furthermore, thanks to the large sample collected, we will apply new data-driven subgrouping approaches and machine-learning algorithms in order to stratify the heterogeneous autism phenotype into dimensional, meaningful “traits” that will allow us to disentangle the different underlying mechanisms of heterogeneity in autism in terms of clinical presentation and response to early intervention. Last but not least, we will create a detailed behavioral Coding Manual which will be made available open source to the scientific community, supporting open science. To achieve such an ambitious goal, the DREAM project will count on the contribution of different clinical and research expertises and disciplines among the team members, ranging from child neuropsychiatry, developmental psychology, linguistics, data science. The project will form the basis for more precise ways to detect autism at its earliest behavioral manifestations, will allow to classify more homogeneous subtypes within the variability of behavioral presentation (as diagnostic tests) and to predict future clinical outcomes (as prognostic tests) aiming at a precision medicine approach to the condition. This scientific impact will be directly translated into clinical, educational and economic benefits, allowing better, personalized health care management and treatment strategies. Ultimately, in a community centered approach, the project will help families create a roadmap for a tailored approach to autism heterogeneity during early development. HCAI4Gend – Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence for Gender Sensitive Linguistic Simplification in German, English and Italian Institutional Communication • Responsabile Scientifico: Peruzzo Katia• Dipartimento: Scienze Giuridiche, Del Linguaggio, dell’Interpretazione e della Traduzione• Codice Progetto: 2022N3EH4K_002• CUP: J53D23008160006• Finaziamento MUR UniTS: 44.437,00 €Abstract: The project focuses on the institutional communication of universities, that is, a type of communication which has not yet received adequate attention in research, especially in a contrastive perspective (German, English, Italian). In the last few years, universities have drawn up guidelines for the use of gender-sensitive language, also prompted by the fact that the implementation of Gender Equality Plans (GEP) is a mandatory requirement for accessing Horizon Europe funding. However, especially in Italian universities, the guidelines have been put into practice only in part or they have not yet been implemented at all, also because the linguistic research and guidelines on institutional writing have focused on overcoming the linguistic complexity of texts through the description of linguistic simplification techniques that do not give indications on the use of gender-sensitive language. The problem of non-gender-sensitive writing in institutional communication has, however, been highlighted in recent studies (Vellutino 2018, Cortelazzo 2021). Therefore, there is (a) a research need (i.e., analysis of university communication from the point of view of transparency and right of access to administrative documents) and (b) an applicative need (i.e., encouraging the use of gender-sensitive writing in the internal and external communication of universities). The objectives of the project respond to these two needs:a. construction of a comparable corpus of institutional university texts (German, English, Italian) to analyse the linguistic strategies used;b. construction of a parallel corpus containing source texts and texts simplified according to gender-sensitive language to carry out psycholinguistic experiments and to train an artificial intelligence-based tool with editor function that proposes grammatical solutions oriented to gender-sensitive usage.The achievement of these two objectives will be possible thanks to the interdisciplinary research team (linguists, jurists, computer scientists, psycholinguist): the use of combined methods will allow the realisation of the tool (plug-in installable in writing systems and usable via a web page) as an output of the project. The open-source tool will be freely accessible not only to universities but also to other public bodies and anyone interested in producing texts written in gender-sensitive language according to the possibilities of the languages concerned and respecting the legal value of linguistic expressions. VIPoP – The Visual Politics of Populism • Responsabile Scientifico: Zulianello Mattia• Dipartimento: Scienze Politiche e Sociali• Codice Progetto: 20222ERHBA_001• CUP: J53D23005090001• Finaziamento MUR UniTS: 67.000,00 €Abstract: Research Units: U1 Università degli Studi di Trieste; U2 Università degli Studi di Milano; U3 Università degli Studi di Milano-BicoccaVIPoP (The Visual Politics of Populism) provides the first comparative analysis of the visual politics of populism that adopts a multi-method (i.e. computer-vision, automated text-analysis, multivariate analysis, and in-depth interviews) and a multi-platform (i.e. Facebook and Instagram) approach to compare the communicative style of populist and non-populist parties and party leaders. This goal will be achieved through five substantive Work Packages (WP), plus dissemination and management.WP1 develops the theoretical framework and outlines the key features of the major populist and non-populist parties in 12 countries (i.e. Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, and Sweden).WP2 creates a novel multi-platform and multi-input dataset by collecting all the posts published by parties and leaders on Facebook and Instagram six months before and after the 2024 EP elections. WP2 employs computer-vision and automated text analysis to identify the key visual (i.e. persons, objects and colors) and textual (i.e. sentiment and issues) elements of parties and leaders’ communication on social media.WP3 resorts to multivariate analyses to investigate how the key features of visual populist communication identified in WP2 distribute along four dimensions: (1) ideological, (2) policy, (3) strategic, and (4) gender. In detail, (1) identifies “varieties of visual populism” in a bi-dimensional political space given by the economic left-right and the integration-demarcation dimension. (2) assesses the position and valence issues along which populist and non-populist parties compete online. (3) finds out the “winning formula” (i.e. the mix of visual and textual elements) that increases posts’ engagement rate and (4) looks for systematic differences between male and female party leaders.WP4 investigates political elites’ perception of visual politics by focusing on a paradigmatic case study, Italy. WP4 consists of qualitative in-depth interviews with a sample of representatives of the major Italian political parties, both populist and non-populist. WP4 assesses the elite views on how parties approach social media to identify the contrasting narratives used to frame a specific visual or textual element, and to explore how representatives perceive material that generates high engagement rate.WP5 adds causal depth to VIPoP by examining whether there are specific visual and textual elements that are systemically perceived as ‘populist’ by voters, and if some of them can generate a greater engagement rate. A randomized conjoint analysis in five countries (i.e. Denmark, Germany, Ireland, Italy, and Slovenia) allows establishing a causal link between the use of specific visual and textual inputs on persons, objects, colors, and emotions and two outcomes: politicians’ likelihood to be perceived as populist by a respondent and politicians’ capability to generate a stronger engagement in a respondent. PARTHICO – Parameter theory on historical corpora: Measuring the power of parameter setting theory on historical corpora. • Responsabile Scientifico: Crisma Paola• Dipartimento: Studi Umanistici• Codice Progetto: 20224XEE9P_003• CUP: J53D23007820006• Finaziamento MUR UniTS: 45.720,00 €Abstract: A central question in linguistics is to explain the tension between the universal nature of the human language faculty and the observed diversity of its empirical instantiations.Various proposals try to solve this tension relying on the notion of parameters, i.e. binary options allowing for cross-linguistic structural variation (Chomsky 1981, 2005; Roberts 2007; Biberauer 2019). The implementation of parameter theories incurs into two major problems: they usually resort to ungrammaticality judgments, a kind of evidence language acquirers do not have access to, and they leave unexplored the procedure behind parameter setting.This project embraces these challenges by measuring the power of parametric models through an innovative method, i.e. the application of parameter theories to historical corpora, which qualify as an ideal testing ground, since they contain continuous texts, which can be taken as a proxy for the primary linguistic data used by language acquirers. We test the list of nominal parameters and their setting procedure proposed in Crisma/Guardiano/Longobardi (2020) on the Old Italian corpus which will be finalized during the project. The procedure will be replicated on the syntactically annotated corpora of Early New High German, Historical Icelandic and Old and Middle English, which conform to the UPenn-style conventions and allow for automated searches of syntactic constituents, constructions and processes. This project will offer an innovative contribution to the logical problem of language acquisition, the architecture of parameter systems and nominal syntax. Once validated on positive evidence and historical corpora, our parameter setting procedure will be able to bridge the gap between descriptive and explanatory adequacy. Also, by comparing Old Italian and historical Germanic with modern varieties, we will provide a principled characterization of the attested nominal structures in relation with their possible diachronic developments. In addition, we will highlight how the correlation and competition between structures can be traced back to the intricate network of dependencies among parameters. Furthermore, we will enlarge the list of nominal parameters by including a full characterization of the syntax of relative clauses. Last but not least, we will release a syntactically annotated corpus of Old Italian, free of charge and fully compatible with the UPenn-style treebank corpora of other historical languages. Geografia amministrativa e "questione territoriale" in Italia: criticità del ritaglio amministrativo e possibili soluzioni • Responsabile Scientifico: Zilli Sergio• Dipartimento: Studi Umanistici• Codice Progetto: 2022HZ3PHX_004• CUP: J53D23009320006• Finaziamento MUR UniTS: 47.024,00 €Abstract: The aim of the project isa) to evaluate the territorial efficiency of the current Italian administrative cut. This will be defined as the ability not to enter into contradiction with the processes of wealth creation and social organization implemented by the territorial actors;b) to identify in specific terms the elements of territorial inefficiency present in the administrative landscape. The nature and consequences of these will be indicated;c) to provide possible solutions for each element of territorial inefficiency. They will be placed within coherent frameworks of administrative levels reform. Each of these will be described for purpose and expected consequences. In this way we will produce multiple frameworks because there is no absolute best-in-class cut-out or administrative model, but several alternative solutions to be evaluated politically. FTAJC – For a thematic "Atlas" of Justinian Code • Responsabile Scientifico: Ferretti Paolo• Dipartimento: Scienze Giuridiche, del Linguaggio, dell’Interpretazione e della Traduzione, del Linguaggio, dell’Interpretazione e della Traduzione• Codice Progetto: 2022MSCEEA_004• CUP: J53D23005690006• Finaziamento MUR UniTS: 32.432,00 €Abstract: The project aims to create an innovative digital repertory of the Justinian Code in the form of a systematic mapping of the normative content of the constitutions it contains. The content will be classified by subject headings and indexed by chronologically ordered abstracts. In this way, it will be possible to use the archive by various combinations of keywords and by issuing emperor, to identify both all measures on a topic, including those outside the sedes materiae, and the acts issued by each emperor on a particular topic or the entire content - in chronological order - of their legislative activity.The archive's high usability will be achieved through the creation of a website on a CMS (Content Management System) platform which, by using dedicated hosting services offering pre-installed settings, will favor the in-progress exchange of information among participants and will host the open access publication of the complete digital product. The repertory will also be available in volume form with which the same research opportunities as with the digital product will be pursued through a system of internal cross-references.Since the current repertories that can be used to interrogate the Codex are unsuitable for targeted research on the contents of the law and its evolution, a new research tool is provided, not only for the study of the single source, but of the overall imperial legislation, which will facilitate studies on the history of Roman and post-Justinian law (both in the East and in the West). As a tool expressly dedicated to the thematic understanding of a basic reference of European legal science, it will significantly improve its usability for research in modern and current law, as well as in the history of society, economics and institutions.The repertory enables an imperial legislation's approach that is particularly helpful to better understand the adopted techniques, the modalities of intervention, in relation to the state of the law and the sectors of incidence and the basic conceptions that inspired it; it facilitates the investigations on the orientations and directions of the legislative policy of each emperor, on the economic, social and cultural context in which that legislation was produced, on its transposition and application and, more particularly, on the relationships between the legislation of the individual emperors and that collected in the Codex. The results will also make it possible to develop a more in-depth view of the value of Justinian's codification, also to evaluate both its relations with other works of a similar nature of the late imperial period and the effects produced according to the different contexts in which it had its influence.These scientific results, developed by the members of each Research Unit, will be published in open access on the website and the traditional paper form. YouCare – Young Carers in Italy. A study to design new social work practices and welfare policies • Responsabile Scientifico: Gui Luigi• Dipartimento: Studi Umanistici• Codice Progetto: 2022RAYR4H_003• CUP: J53D23011610006• Finaziamento MUR UniTS: 50.055,00 €Abstract: In international literature, Young Carers refers to children providing a relevant level of care to a family member or friend (co-resident or not) with chronic illness, mental health problems, disability, frailty, or addiction (Aldridge et al., 2017). Typically, children are primarily the beneficiaries of care from adults, not the reverse. However, young carers are more burdened than their older peers in the same social context. Providing care during childhood can negatively affect mental and physical health and the transition to adulthood, especially when no suitable social intervention is offered.It is estimated that in Western countries, 2–8% of children are involved in care work (Joseph et al., 2019). However, little is known about this phenomenon in Italy, even among professionals involved in Child Protection.This research program aims to fill this gap. The phenomenon will be examined in light of the COVID-19 pandemic, which is conceivably increasing the level of caregiving by children and teenagers. The research program aims to answer 2 research questions: (1) What are the characteristics of young carers in Italy? What is the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on this phenomenon? (2) What are the knowledge and attitudes of professionals from social work, healthcare, and school toward young carers? Answers to these questions will form the basis for developing adequate measures to aid young carers avoid the negative consequences on their well-being.The theoretical framework for research and data analysis is based on Children Studies and New Sociology of Childhood (Corsaro, 1997; Belotti & La Mendola, 2010; Colombo et al. 2020), Familistic Welfare (Esping-Andersen, 2000; Saraceno, 2009), and Relational Social Work (Folgheraiter, 2011).According to Becker (2007) and Stamatopoulos (2015), young carers are a “hidden group” due to their particular care role during childhood rather than in adulthood. To examine the characteristics of young carers, Participatory research will be conducted (Aldridge, 2015). This approach is based on the cooperation of the co-researchers. They can be considered Experts by experience as they were or are still engaged as young carers. Participatory research is useful for interacting with vulnerable social groups, which are difficult to reach.The research program will be conducted along 2 main lines: the first is aimed to delineate the phenomenon; the second one is the analysis of professionals’ point of view. Both dimensions will be investigated through the analysis of quantitative and qualitative data.The research program will represent an important source of knowledge because it will be one of the first Italian studies of young carers. It will provide knowledge to outline specific social policies, aimed to identify informal unpaid care work in childhood at an early stage. Consequently, adequate social intervention may be introduced though this program. Indagine nazionale sull'orientamento nella scuola. Ricerca-formazione per lo sviluppo e la sperimentazione di un modello di orientamento formativo • Responsabile Scientifico: Sorzio Paolo• Dipartimento: Studi Umanistici• Codice Progetto: 20223JY7NS_003• CUP: J53D23011170006• Finaziamento MUR UniTS: 12.150,00 €Abstract: The project refers to the study of innovative forms of "career guidance" aimed at introducing students into the world of work. More specifically, the Unit of UniTRIESTE provides an analysis of the ways in which Secondary Schools with a vocational focus organize career paths for students with Special Educational Needs.The conceptual framework relies on the Ecological-Cultural Theory (Bronfenbrenner, 1979) and the analysis of learning processes as situated in practice (Daniels et al. 2010). According to this theory, career guidance processes are linked to a complex system of elements that characterizes opportunities for the development of self-regulatory thinking skills and thus the ability to achieve goals for one's own future. Among these elements, more relevant are: the stereotypes with respect to the learning opportunities of students characterized by the attribution of Special Educational Needs, the way the curriculum is organized, the methods of communication in the classroom, the internship projects with the world of work and the relationship with families are particularly significant.From the methodological point of view, two stages will be conducted: the first will be an in-depth investigation conducted according to the method of "Multiple Case Studies" (Stake, 2006), in which 6 secondary schools with vocational curricula, recognized by the Regional School Offices as particularly active in the proposal of student guidance, will be analyzed in order to recognize the strategies used to enhance the aspirations and expectations of students with SEN, the strategies that promote self-regulative skills, the forms of documentation used. In addition, the career guidance activities that emerge at the intersection of different training systems (e.g., school and job placement) will be analyzed.The second stage involves a design-research pathway (Engestrom, Miettinen, Punamaki, 1999), in which some elements emerging from the Multiple Case Study are used to guide the reflection of teachers and various stakeholders, in order to promote processes of change. From this path, guidelines for dissemination will be developed. Partecipazione, inclusione e Stato di diritto: per una visione solidale e partecipativa della democrazia costituzionale • Responsabile Scientifico: Baldin Serena• Dipartimento: Scienze Politiche e Sociali• Codice Progetto: 2022MBZKNT_002• CUP: J53D23005660006• Finaziamento MUR UniTS: 45.000,00 €Abstract: Participation, inclusion and rule of law: for a fair and participatory vision of constitutional democracy Communicating companies’ supply chain sustainability practices in a digital Environment • Responsabile Scientifico: Vianelli Donata• Dipartimento: Scienze Economiche, Aziendali, Matematiche e Statistiche• Codice Progetto: 2022LHHLWM_005• CUP: B53D23010060006• Finaziamento MUR UniTS: 31.507,00 € € Abstract: Nowadays, two forces significantly affect companies: sustainability and digitalization. Consumers, and stakeholders in general, are becoming increasingly concerned with sustainable business practices, penalizing companies perceived as not in line with sustainability requirements. In the face of a global trust crisis, consumers expect companies to behave with moral and business integrity, rewarding those firms acting to make the world a better place. At the same time, digitalization profoundly affects businesses’ processes, opening up unprecedented opportunities, while also posing a threat to companies failing to follow the digitalization route.While practitioners and scholars have studied the impact of these forces on businesses, they have scarcely examined the combination of the two, including how companies can communicate their virtuous sustainability practices via digital channels and, in turn, how consumers perceive the companies’ effort in aligning to sustainability goals. Our research project thus builds on the current literature on sustainability and digitalization. Specifically, communicating companies’ supply chain sustainability in a digital environment has the potential to be a lasting source of competitive advantage for companies that develop the skills, relationships and reputational assets to do so. This project aims to examine the antecedents – i.e. contextual factors – and consequences – impact on company growth/innovation; societal benefits – of communicating sustainable supply chain practices in a digitalized environment.Communicating the sustainability of the supply chain process in a digital environment is a complex yet relevant and constantly evolving task. It is relevant for its social, environmental, and economic impact on consumption, firms, policymakers, and local communities. Evolving because of the increasing sensitivity towards sustainability, not only limited to consumers and the business context but also in society and institutions, as exemplified by the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Our research findings will benefit practitioners, managers, and entrepreneurs, as we aim to unveil how sustainability communication affects firm performance and customer perceptions and engagement. Our findings could, therefore, support companies, especially SMEs, to improve their competitiveness and performance by communicating specific elements of sustainability practices. From the academic standpoint, the joint consideration of digital communication and sustainability will offer rich insights into the value creation pathways through the extended supply chain process. Building resilience to emerging risks in financial and insurance markets • Responsabile Scientifico: Millossovich Pietro• Dipartimento: Scienze Economiche, Aziendali, Matematiche e Statistiche• Codice Progetto: 2022FWZ2CR_002 • CUP: J53D23004550006• Finaziamento MUR UniTS: 26.004,00 € Abstract: Insurance companies, financial firms and regulators have shown an increasing interest in identifying emerging risks, in monitoring their profiles and in gathering detailed information concerning the market dynamics, to plan appropriate actions. The project aims to investigate some of such risks, as the ones linked to climate changes and natural disasters, digitalization and the consequent cyber risk, post-pandemic financial risk, and to improve resilience to their impacts. The first aspect the project focuses on is related to the impact of climate changes that is analyzed under different perspectives. We aim at providing pricing models to support product development and underwriting processes in the insurance market, considering the greater effects of climate changes on the insurance core business. Under the first perspective, the research aims to assess the impact of temperature changes on mortality and hence on insurance markets via the evaluation of insurance products that are contingent on mortality rates. The identified temperature-augmented mortality model will be used to develop a pricing framework for insurance policies with dependent financial and mortality risks. Policies will be packaged so as to provide protection even in respect of a certain number of risks, not only financial and life-contingent, but also health-related. Under the second perspective, we plan to develop specific weather index-based insurance and reinsurance contracts useful for non-life insurance coverages. Special attention will be paid to the assessment of both physical and liability risks related to climate events in the Solvency II framework. Under the third perspective, the project aims to implement actuarial models for managing catastrophic risks and analyzing new management tools in weather risk, facing the pricing problem of Resilience Bonds. Another emerging risk analyzed in the project, even in the face of the current pandemic, relies on longevity risk that remains a serious concern for both individuals and insurance providers because a significant part of the post-retirement income will have to be covered with private resources. The project concerns also with the designing of specific contractual profiles that can lead companies to sell insurance products framed in the context of environmental, social and government (ESG) investments. Currently, when considering ESG investments, the existing literature assumes away any time variation of agents’ preferences. We will develop a dynamic asset pricing model where the representative agent extracts non-financial benefits from holding green assets, depending on the current demand and supply of ESG investments and their time-series dynamics. Concerning ESG asset pricing, a dynamic equilibrium model will be developed. Finally, the last type of the investigated emerging risks is cyber risk. In this field, the aim is to contribute to the reduction of the gap between supply and demand of cyber insurance. From Unconventional Households to Unconventional Affordable Housing • Responsabile Scientifico: Marchigiani Elena• Dipartimento: Ingegneria e Informatica• Codice Progetto: 2022PZYKER_002• CUP: J53D23013470006• Finaziamento MUR UniTS: 61.090,00 €Abstract: The research aims at mapping, developing and proposing policy paths and housing typologies that are affordable and at the same time of a high architectural and urban quality, able to intercept and address the diversified needs and demands of new emerging household profiles. With the present proposal, we target at analysing and, consequently, at contributing to reducing the research gap at the intersection of multiple fronts: firstly, the emergence of increasingly diversified and unconventional housing demands and household situations, resulting from social, economic and demographic transformations over the past decades; secondly, the problem of a rising housing unaffordability, affecting growing and increasingly diversifying parts of the population and challenging policy-makers throughout Europe, particularly within cities; thirdly, the need for integrated affordable housing solutions within and beyond the scale of the individual building (thus, the need to provide affordable solutions on a micro and a meso scale).There remains an unsolved housing affordability issue, affecting social groups and territories in a differentiated way. The profound socio-demographic transformations that have taken place in Europe and Italy over the last few decades have led to major changes in the composition of the households and in what is typically referred to as the “family.”1 These transformations have resulted in increasing numbers of single households, divorced couples with children, single parents and of the elderly population, as well as in the spread of the phenomenon of cohabitation, not only among students but also among young couples and adult workers in search of affordable housing solutions. At the same time, changes in the labour market,2 namely a significant rise in temporary and precarious employment and delocalization, have frequently forced people to organise their lives between more than one dwelling.3 In addition to these phenomena, worsening employment and economic conditions due to the Great Recession have reduced housing affordability, increased precarious and informal housing conditions and set constraints on access to housing for growing and diversifying groups, affecting more and more also middle-income groups.4 The situation is aggravated by a significant increase in cases of rent and mortgage arrears and, consequently, evictions.5 In this context, characterised by economic transformation and changes in family patterns, new lifestyles have also emerged, such as couples living apart together - LAT - in long-distance relationships6. The social and public housing stock that we have inherited from the XXth century is by far designed and organised for a society of workers that was significantly different from the current vulnerable and economically disadvantaged recipients. Altogether, these phenomena have challenged the meaning of “home” (and of “family”) as inherited from the Modern Movement, and the housing programs implemented under the welfare states of many countries during the twentieth century, imposing the need for a thorough re-elaboration of both the understanding of the idea of family, the concept of residence (that is slowly taking over that of home)7, as well as the ideas of affordability and homelessness.While ‘unconventional’ and affordable housing solutions can take a variety of shapes and emerge from a diversity of living and household situations, their existence and proliferation in many cases reflect the dissatisfaction with, or inaccessibility of conventional housing solutions. A key hypothesis underlying the proposed research is therefore that unconventional housing solutions can be strategies to cope with these inadequacies and a lack of affordability, responding to changing and/or intensifying demands. The intersection between the two levels - affordability and unconventionality - has yet to be explored in-depth and can provide valuable insights that allow for a reflection on existing policies.The aims of this research project are (i) to identify, map and analyse existing affordable and unconventional housing solutions, looking at projects (designed) and practices (emerged) as well as at policies that target at fostering or enabling such solutions - thus, to gain an understanding of the wide range of housing phenomena that can be considered under the umbrella of “unconventional” and, at the same time, affordable; (ii) to analyse more in-depth some of these housing solutions and to evaluate their qualities and innovative features as well as the shortcomings and critical issues that are to be addressed; (iii) to outline possible affordable housing policies and design strategies capable of catering for the diversity of needs, household situations and lifestyles; (iv) to develop three pilot experiments - one in each of the research unit’s geographical context - at the intersection between policy and architectural design, in order to explore the feasibility of innovative solutions within a given context. Such aims need to be pursued through a multidisciplinary team, with diversified competencies and viewpoints. DIMEast – DIVERSITY AND IMPACTS OF MIGRATION AT THE EU’S EASTERN BORDERS. Territorial Cohesion, Solidarity and Security as Global Challenges in the Western Balkans, the Eastern Partnership and the Russian Federation • Responsabile Scientifico: Altin Roberta • Dipartimento: Studi Umanistici• Codice Progetto: 2022LJTTBP_003• CUP: J53D23005600001• Finaziamento MUR UniTS: 50.605,00 €Abstract: At the core of this research project lies the interdisciplinary investigation of global triggers and challenges of migration, through the lenses of recent developments in the EU and the regions at EU’s Eastern borders (i.e. Western Balkans; Eastern Partnership; Russian Federation). The aim of this proposal is to highlight the impact of internal, external and transit migration flows on the (intrinsically) diverse political, ethnic, cultural, gender, class and religious communities in Europe, creating the ground for global strategies that could potentially foster solidarity and dialogue among them.By framing migration both as a contested site where borders and boundaries are constantly renegotiated and as a testing ground for national, international and transnational solidarities within and beyond the EU, this project critically examines discourses, practices and policies of migration created by relevant institutional, political and social actors in the wider Europe. Accordingly, this project will implement an analysis of various phenomena of migration, including e- and im-migration, migrants ‘on the move’, IDPs and other forms of forced migration.It goes without saying that the peculiar diversity of approaches and intrinsic dynamics of territorial development within the EU are best reflected by looking at its ‘shifting borders’. It is especially the Eastern dimension of the “European Neighborhood Policy” that clearly revealed the fluid nature of EU’s territory and geographical imaginary: as testified by the waves of enlargement in the 2000s, EU’s Eastern borders are not fixed, but are often subject to conflicting symbolic interpretations and a complex set of regulatory regimes. By looking in a comparative way at the changes occurring on both internal and external sides of the contested EU’s Eastern borders, on the one hand we will frame EU’s Eastern neighbouring regions as territories anticipating what could be further challenges and opportunities for the EU in the near future. On the other, through the investigation of the new challenges for solidarity and security provoked by recent migration dynamics, we will aim to better understand the novelty of social and political dynamics occurring at the EU’s Eastern borders following a global perspective. MaBE – Mapping Byzantine Economy • Responsabile Scientifico: Gariboldi Andrea• Dipartimento: Studi Umanistici• Codice Progetto: 20225AFJ9E_001• CUP: J53D23000060006• Finaziamento MUR UniTS: 67.020,00 €Abstract: The project aims to build a flexible, scalable and distributed platform for the digital edition of MaBE (Mapping Byzantine Economy) in order to provide the basis for a systematic, interdisciplinary, and time-integrated study of the Byzantine economy. The chronological period - 498/1204 CE - corresponds to the actual duration of the post-Constantine Byzantine monetary system, i.e. from the monetary reform of Anastasius I to the fall of Constantinople. It will be an open model, based on a database that can be implemented over time to gradually involve other researchers and Institutions.Research Objectives1 Construction of a flexible, scalable and distributed MaBE platform, with particular attention to resource utilization and performance of content insertion and consultation and to validation and preservation of the managed data and building of the related WebGIS application;2. Generation of statistics and thematic information layers to analyze or review general or regional issues concerning Byzantine coinage;3. Outlining a concise and up-to-date picture of the hoarding of Byzantine Italy, the territories outside but close to the borders of the Byzantine Empire (e.g. Adriatic Sea), the Byzantine regions today partly located in Syria, Israel, Palestine as well as the Byzantine Balkans (case studies);4. Improvement of the knowledge of the dynamics of money circulation in the above mentioned territories;5. Identification of possible clusters characterised by peculiarities in relation to the presence/absence of hoarding in a given period;6. Reconstruction of the historical-geographical context with particular regard to the political-administrative organization, the road network, the settlement system and the demographic characteristics. McCI – The social perception of new, emerging social identities: The Category Intersection in the Context (CiC) model • Responsabile Scientifico: Carnaghi Andrea• Dipartimento: Scienze della Vita• Codice Progetto: 20228NXSAY_001• CUP: J53D23007910006• Finaziamento MUR UniTS: 99.356,00 €Abstract: The general aim of this project is to develop an integrative social-cognitive model (McCI), explaining the cross-modality multiple category integration, with a specific attention to the social context in which such a category integration occurs. The McCI is a multi-stage model that analyses the stereotyping of men's race and sexual orientation: The McCI will (L1) first foucs on the cross-modal integration processes of perceptual categories of race and semantic categories of sexual orientation, then the McCI (L2) will analyze how these processes can occur differently when race categories are blurred (e.g., mixed race), and (L3) finally the McCI will address how the processes described above can be modulated by the context in which race and sexuality categories are presented. RIND – Reading the Italian Novel at a Distance (1830-1930) • Responsabile Scientifico: Ondelli Stefano• Dipartimento: Scienze Giuridiche, del Linguaggio, dell’Interpretazione e della Traduzione • Codice Progetto: 2022JAYFJH_001• CUP: J53D23019430006• Finaziamento MUR UniTS: 64.430,00 € Abstract: The research project entitled “Reading the Italian Novel at a Distance (1830-1930)” is based on an interdisciplinary approach combining methods that have produced innovative results in recent literary and linguistic studies, i.e. computational and corpus linguistics, quantitative literary studies, data science, statistics and translation studies. Based on Franco Moretti’s seminal approach, the project aims to conduct distant reading experiments on a corpus of 1000 Italian novels, as well as novels translated into Italian from other languages, published between 1830 and 1930. The corpus will be balanced to account for the distribution of authors/translators and their gender, publication date, text length, and artistic and popular literature. Large-scale data-driven analyses will be conducted from both a synchronic and diachronic perspective through statistical and computational methods. The analyses will focus on two main objectives: detecting how the fictional characters express their thoughts and emotions, and identifying social changes in the novels under scrutiny. The first objective will implement quantitative approaches and automatic data extraction to study pragma-linguistics phenomena emerging at textual level, i.e., exceeding word and sentence boundaries. The second objective exploits lemma lists to detect how job titles, military ranks, religious titles, along with buildings (residential, commercial, industrial, religious, rural, urban etc.) reflect social changes.Both objectives are innovative, since so far little attempt has been made to use quantitative and automatic methods to analyse reported speech and produce a periodization of novels published in Italy according to criteria other than literary criticism. Moreover, the comparison between novels written in Italian and translations from other languages will shed light on the influence of foreign models on Italian literary prose. The project draws mainly from three disciplines: linguistics to identify morphological and syntactic traits leading to pragmatic patterns and lexical lists encompassing semantic fields for periodization purposes; statistics (including deep machine learning methods) to classify texts by means of topic detection and content analysis based on word embedding to extract data time series and devise data visualisation methods (charts and graphs); comparative literature to interpret the results against the background of the history of Italian, European and world literature. A paramount role in the research is played by the identification of linguistic data and their operationalization within Italian literature. Thus, the project aims to provide a theoretical and methodological contribution through the joint exploitation of knowledge and methods pertaining to linguistics, literary, and statistical studies. INVESTIGATING THE PLACE-SENSITIVENESS OF NRRPs • Responsabile Scientifico: Carrosio Giovanni• Dipartimento: Scienze Politiche e Sociali• Codice Progetto: 2022JW88K9_004• CUP: J53D23009380006• Finaziamento MUR UniTS: 52.601,00 €Abstract: The longstanding issue of spatial inequalities and lagging-behind places has been strongly brought to the fore in recent times by the ongoing unprecedented COVID-19 global health threat. The spread of the COVID-19 crisis is heavily spatially uneven (Bailey et al., 2020). In many countries, especially in Europe, not only large and densely populated urban areas have been hit. In fact, smaller or medium-size cities in rural contexts have been strongly affected as well. Nevertheless, metropolitan and urbanised areas have garnered the most attention in academic and policy debate about the pandemic, and conversely there has been little reflection on the impact of the pandemic on rural places.This omission is problematic, as recent evidence has shown that peripheral areas are highly susceptible to COVID-19. Also, they often represent the most socially and economically vulnerable populations, as they are less resilient to the medium- or long-term effects of such a large-scale exogenous shock (Faggian, 2021). Against this backdrop, it is extremely crucial to produce evidence-based knowledge on the instruments which are to be implemented to help territories reacting to this abrupt shock and their spatial implications. Ill-informed recovery policies may turn out to be ineffective or even detrimental. As advocated by EU institutions, recovery will need holistic, tailor-made, place-sensitive strategies accounting for the diversity of affected economic activities, people, territories. Inclusiveness, diversification of the economy, and a broad participation in policy agenda setting and wide empowerment of all communities, also the ones often left aside from decision-making networks, are fundamental elements for places to adapt to change and thrive (ENRD, 2021). A gap in knowledge of the specificities of the spatiality of these recovery policies and hence of their potential geographical effects is thus of paramount importance, especially in light of the fact that the main cross-cutting aim of NPRRs is the reduction of generational, gender and territorial inequalities. In fact, as potentially any shock (Urso et al., 2021), the pandemic might exacerbate the existing unevenness because of the nature of the health crises itself – which hit differently different places –, of the different contextual conditions of places also in terms of resilience capacity, and of the mediating role of institutions. The latter may play a crucial, more or less direct, role by virtue of their quality and flexibility in promptly reacting to the crisis in the emergency phase, and through the policy instruments they put in place in the recovery phase. In fact, if shocks may produce uneven geographies because of the different resistance capacity of territories, what is often underestimated is that also policy measures to cope with them may hide this risk. Especially following disrupting events, they are indeed a chance to tap into new path potential, either renewing existing ones or paving the way to new path formation, but also reinforcing negative spirals of decline if not properly addressed, thereby widening the gap in growth differentials in different areas of a country. In a word, policies, along with market forces, may produce the peripheries. Peripheral spaces are not a “natural” phenomenon, but they emerge as a result of shifts in economic and political decision-making at various scales. Hence, they are, deliberately or not, “produced” (Armondi, 2020; Pezzi & Urso, 2016; Herrschel, 2012). Following this line of reasoning, the post-Covid European recovery plan and the billions of euros that will be made available for investments in various states provide therefore a unique opportunity to address these issues. The enormous amounts of resources now available to national and local governments to pursue post-Covid investments should counter the growing spatial unevenness within and among states and regions (Barbera, 2022). If there is much conceptual academic production on the place-based approach, its rationale, its theoretical underpinnings, and its potential/viable ways for application (Barca, 2009; Barca et al., 2012), and some literature may be found on its evaluation (Magro & Wilson, 2019), there is a paucity of studies on its actual penetration in socio-economic development policies and on the forms it has eventually taken. With the aim of contributing to filling this crucial academic and policy literature gap, we investigate one of the biggest post-shock policy interventions of the last years: the national recovery plans following the pandemic disturbance. Research-wise, this case is key in many respects: its (financial) capacity, the relevance given by EU to the issue of territorial rebalance, and, very salient for the purposes of our study, its simultaneous application in different countries in response to the same disrupting event. This is a unique opportunity for a comparative study, which is at present lacking in academic literature, on the application of the place-based approach within the framework of a common EU policy instrument. The general research question may be therefore worded as “How place-sensitive are National Recovery Plans?”, where place-sensitive or place-based has to be understood as a policy aimed at giving to “people in places” the power and the knowledge to expand their substantive freedom by improving the access and quality of essential services and by promoting the opportunity to innovate, thus reducing economic, social and recognition inequalities. The case for policy making to adopt a place-based policy approach is very general, but it is particularly important for marginalized or falling-behind regions, where the local market and political forces are not enough to move out of an under-development trap and the national and European policy action is entrusted with the role of triggering endogenous change. ERMETE – Fairness and Transparency on Online Commercial Speech: From Pragmatic Analysis to Regulation • Responsabile Scientifico: Muffato Nicola• Dipartimento: Scienze Giuridiche, del Linguaggio, dell’Interpretazione e della Traduzione • Codice Progetto: 2022X2P5S2_003• CUP: J53D23006010006• Finaziamento MUR UniTS: 50.332,00 €Abstract: The ERMETE project analyzes online commercial speech with a focus on transparency, covert advertising and discriminatory practices. The method of analysis is highly innovative and interdisciplinary; it combines: (i) conceptual analysis; (ii) the ‘common core’ approach to comparative law; (iii) a pragmatics-based approach to communication; iv) a normative, scenario-based elaboration of remedies that increases consumer protection. InALC – Investigating African Languages and Cultures • Responsabile Scientifico: Micheli Ilaria• Dipartimento: Scienze Giuridiche, del Linguaggio, dell’Interpretazione e della Traduzione • Codice Progetto: 2022XMRNF9_001• CUP: J53D23008350006• Finaziamento MUR UniTS: 68.000,00 €Abstract: InALC - Investigating African Languages and Cultures aims to study and document a selected group of languages, literatures and cultures of sub-Saharan Africa. Indeed, it is widely acknowledged that minority, unwritten and orally transmitted languages are in danger of disappearing by the end of this century. Already in 1991, at a conference of the Linguistic Society of America, Prof. Michael Krauss made a heartfelt appeal to his colleagues to devote their research to the documentation of endangered languages so that linguistics would not go down in history as the only science that had watched helplessly as 90% of its own field of study disappeared. In sub-Saharan Africa, where rapid social and climatic changes often lead to civil and political unrest, droughts and famine, driving millions of people to abandon their lands, cultures and languages in search of better living conditions, the negative trend only continues to increase year after year.This project, made up of three operational units, i.e. the University of Trieste (PI), the University of Turin and the University of Naples "L'Orientale", has the dual purpose of working on the documentation and description of endangered languages that are little or not at all documented, and to create, through appropriate dissemination, greater awareness in the "lay public" of the consequences of the loss of the linguistic and cultural heritage of the African continent. Due to possible impediments related to the ongoing COVID19 pandemic, the research activity will be mainly dedicated to the analysis of materials and audio recordings already collected in the previous years, while leaving open the possibility to carry out some field missions or to work with remote interlocutors using webmeeting technologies. Other very important materials to be considered, will be those preserved in the archives and collections of the missionary societies and colonial administrations.The language varieties to be investigated will certainly be Ogiek (Kalenjin - Nilo-Saharan language of Kenya) and the Northern Dullay and Khonsoid variants spoken in south-western Ethiopia. The project will also provide a first cataloguing and initial study of some of the manuscripts of the African Missionary Society, the White Fathers, the Jesuits and the Consolata Fathers who have enthusiastically agreed to open their archives to researchers. The first informal mission in the house of the African Missionary Society in Rome has already identified about 100 manuscripts (including notebooks, diaries, drawings) relating to 60 West African languages, some of which are particularly valuable for comparative studies, since they are quite professional in their execution, despite the use of Western grammatical categories, mostly absent in African languages (a few examples: the gender category in nouns or, the present or past participle categories in verb analysis and the like). All these 60 languages, with the exception of Ngas and Hausa which belong to the Afro-Asiatic family, are afferent to the phylum Niger-Congo A and are spoken in regions where SMA missionaries still have activities and logistic bases that could be useful in the case of missions to verify data on the ground.The research unit based at the University of Trieste will be in charge of the Ogiek language and the materials of the African Missionary Society and the White Fathers, while the unit based in Turin will be in charge of the description of the languages of Ethiopia and of the archives of the Consolata Fathers and of the the Jesuits.The Neapolitan unit will focus on the documentation, study and preservation of a significant part of the cultural heritage of the Eritrean and Ethiopian past, held by archives and libraries in Italy and by ecclesiastical institutions in Ethiopia. As far as Italian cultural institutions are concerned, the aim of the research is to bring to light and preserve an important section of the national heritage, represented by the collections of linguistic data reported by travellers, explorers, missionaries and colonial administration officials preserved in the following main collections:1) Rome, Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale (Fondo Sapeto) 2) Rome, library of the Italian Geographical Society (Fondo Léon des Avanchères)3) Bologna, Library of the Department of Cultural History (Ellero Fund).Very recently, it was discovered that the National Library of Naples also houses another important collection of linguistic material, the Luigi Fusella Fund. Similarly, the library of the Department of Asia Africa and the Mediterranean, also in Naples, holds a very interesting amount of material, the Lanfranco Ricci Fund. Both are completely intact.All this materials offer an ancient and rich documentation on several Eritrean and Ethiopian languages, in particular Gǝ'ǝz, Tigrinya, Amharic and Oromo.Finally, the three units will all be engaged in the selection of ethnographic objects, manuscripts, audio and video recordings, as well as historical photographs and other iconographic documents, for the creation of an iconographic exhibition. The aim is to eventually propose this exhibition, accompanied by presentations by members of the three research units, to students from other universities and high schools, in the hope that this will help to stimulate a more welcoming attitude towards first- and second-generation immigrants. The exhibition materials would then be archived as a virtual installation on a web page dedicated to the project.The collaboration between the three research units has already been successfully tested in our previous joint project: the 2012 FIRB "ATrA".The dissemination of results will be carried out through different channels: (a) the presentation of specific case studies at international conferences; (b) the submission of scientific articles to international journals; (c) the organisation of at least two internal meetings every year - to promote scientific exchange between us and offer our students the opportunity to witness the scientific production process in progress - ; (d) the organisation of a closing international congress with the presentation of the iconographic exhibition; (e) the creation of a dedicated web page; (f) the organisation of a tour to present the iconographic exhibition in universities and schools that will request it.Each unit would be supported by a research fellow during the second year of activity, whose task would be to help in the selection of materials for the exhibition and to take care of the information panels. For this reason, at least as far as the Trieste unit is concerned, the assignee should have expertise in ethnolinguistics and anthropology. The dark side of algorithm in public administration: between efficiency and due process • Responsabile Scientifico: Infantino Marta• Dipartimento: Scienze Politiche e Sociali• Codice Progetto: 2022LSRL82_002• CUP: J53D23005620006• Finaziamento MUR UniTS: 54.850,00 €Abstract: Automated administrative decisions, that is, administrative decisions taken by algorithms, are increasingly used in many legal systems, including European countries and the United States. Yet, automated administrative decisions pose new threats to the procedural rights of the affected individuals as well as to transparency. The research herein proposed aims to carry out a comparative analysis applying a refined version of the ‘Common Core’ methodology (see below, under ‘Detailed Description’) in order to understand the problems generated by the use of algorithms by public bodies in different legal systems and to check which solutions are available to guarantee individual procedural rights in automated administrative decision-making processes. Although there is a rising academic literature on automated administrative decisions, the majority of these studies have so far been published in national languages and have focused on domestic cases and regulation rather than on a cross-country comparison. What is still lacking is a thorough comparative study of the more and more widespread reliance on algorithms by public authorities and on the threats these developments pose to individuals’ procedural rights. A comparative perspective can be helpful for more than one reason: first, to understand whether the problems faced by these legal systems are fundamentally similar, if not the same; second, to see whether the solutions they adopt are similar too or reveal differences, deriving from tradition or policy preferences; thirdly and finally, to understand whether the legal systems examined are characterized not only by differences, but also by some common and connecting elements.The project therefore aims to fill the gap currently existing in administrative law literature, comparing rules and decisions on the use of algorithms in administrative decision-making in selected countries. ALON – Archive of the Lexicography of the Nineteenth-Twentieth Century • Responsabile Scientifico: Gaertig-Bressan Anne-Kathrin• Dipartimento: Scienze Giuridiche, del Linguaggio, dell’Interpretazione e della Traduzione • Codice Progetto: 20222FC7A8_005• CUP: J53D23007760001• Finaziamento MUR UniTS: 63.222,00 €Abstract: The project aims to create an Archive of the Lexicography of the Nineteenth-Twentieth Century (ALON), which intends to study historically and analytically the Italian vocabulary production of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, during which it was renewed and reached its maximum quantitative, typological and qualitative development.The main aim of the project is the constitution and the verification of a specific set of methods and criteria to deal adequately with the study of lexicography, on a philological, structural and documentary level. For this reason, fundamental vocabularies for the common language, dialects, minority languages and other languages (bilingual dictionaries) will be taken into consideration.This variety, analyzed in some exemplary works, will allow us to reach concrete results in the two years foreseen by the PRIN with the realization of a model of lexicographic analysis adaptable to other vocabularies.The works we will consider fall into three different areas, each with specific characters and therefore to be approached with different criteria:A) HISTORICAL VOCABULARIES - Considering the entire panorama of historical vocabularies, from the various nineteenth-century editions and remakes of the Crusca, to Battaglia and TLIO, we will address above all the Tommaseo-Bellini, because of its specific lexicographic and historical-linguistic importance, with a preliminary literature review of the studies that have concerned it. Specific research will be conducted on the publication history, compilation criteria, dating of individual files, list of contributors, reconstruction of the ‘citati’, and its reception.B) DESCRIPTIVE VOCABULARIES - since a satisfactory picture of descriptive lexicography is still missing, an exhaustive analytical bibliography will be offered, starting with pocket dictionaries from the beginning of the nineteenth century, up to the great lexicons of recent years, such as Tullio De Mauro's GRADIT; at the same time, specific investigations will be carried out on a small number of representative works.C) BILINGUAL VOCABULARIES - an adequate survey of modern bilinguals, which have expanded and improved considerably in the last two centuries, is also missing: an accurate bibliography of the nineteenth-twentieth-century bilinguals for the main European languages will therefore be prepared; the great bilingual vocabularies of the nineteenth century will also be the object of special studies.ALON will be open to free consultation and collaboration by other scholars; all the individual parts elaborated during the project will be included in a computer portal that will also function as an electronic journal, which will continue to be published annually even after the end of the project. Models and methods for the analysis of collaboration networks • Responsabile Scientifico: De Stefano Domenico• Dipartimento: Scienze Politiche e Sociali• Codice Progetto: 2022MSL3AY_001• CUP: J53D23011540006• Finaziamento MUR UniTS: 78.428,00 €Abstract: The project has the goal of describing and detecting some useful individual (micro-level) and subgroup (meso-level) network indices and their relation with both the individual research productivity and scientific output quality. In particular, we aim at producing a final document reporting the usage of several network indices anad network analysis techniques and their possible use to evaluate the scientific productivity and performance. NC-DAN – The Necessary Conditions for Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms in Adolescence • Responsabile Scientifico: Marchetti Igor• Dipartimento: Scienze della Vita• Codice Progetto: 2022AKTAK8_001• CUP: J53D23007960006• Finaziamento MUR UniTS: 136.171,00 €Abstract: This project aims at investigating and quatifying the necessary conditions for depressive and anxiety symptoms in adolescence MUSA – Micro and peer-to-peer shared mobility for Urban Sustainability and Accessibility • Responsabile Scientifico: Rotaris Lucia• Dipartimento: Scienze Economiche, Aziendali, Matematiche e Statistiche• Codice Progetto: 2022NXFLPN_002• CUP: J53D23009440006• Finaziamento MUR UniTS: 66.222,00 €Abstract: Transport and accessibility play an essential role in citizens' participation in socio-economic life, social inclusion, and well-being (Bergantino et al., 2020b). However, transport is responsible for a large share of urban pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. The policies to be used to develop a more sustainable urban mobility differ according to the city sizes and characteristics (Danielis et al., 2018). For medium-sized cities, the most promising solutions include support for active mobility, micromobility (MM) and peer-to-peer car-sharing (P2PCS) (Rotaris, 2021). MM is healthier, more cost-efficient than fossil fuel-based transport, and more environmentally friendly (Bergantino et al., 2020 and 2021a). Carsharing reduces car ownership, distance travelled, congestion and GHGE (Rotaris&Danielis, 2018), however, in medium-sized cities P2PCS is a more promising alternative being more economically sustainable than business-to-consumer carsharing (Rotaris, 2021). For both MM and P2PCS services, several open questions arise: 1) how to make MM an integrated part of the urban mobility system; 2) to what extent P2PCS is an effective substitute for privately owned cars; 3) what infrastructures are necessary to foster MM and P2PCS; 4) what could be the role of MaaS; 5) what policies are necessary for their deployment in urban contexts. The research project will answer these questions considering how the uptake could be influenced by several elements like city size, public transport services, green urban infrastructures, city zones (e.g., center-periphery), socio-demographic characteristics of the population (e.g., age, occupational status, gender, disposable income), trip purpose (e.g., commuting to work/study place, shopping, tourism), technologies and smart infrastructures. The analysis will focus on two medium-sized Italian cities: Taranto and Trieste, having a similar size, but representing very different geographical areas of the country besides different economic characteristics. We will conduct 3 surveys, collecting revealed preference and stated preferences for the introduction of a P2PCS service, a MM service and for the introduction of both services. Based on the data collected, we will estimate hybrid discrete choice models analyzing which factors influence the potential demand of both P2PCS and MM and the potential supply of P2PCS. We will analyze how the MM providers currently offering the service in Taranto and Trieste could change their services to better respond to the latent needs of citizens and tourists. Finally, using agent-based Bass Diffusion (ABBD) models we will estimate how the market share and the equilibrium rents of P2PCS, and MM will change due to the interaction of the demand and the supply sides of the market. We will provide to local administrators’ tools to implement regulatory, fiscal, infrastructural, green urban areas and informative policies aimed at supporting the uptake of SM services. NgPA – NEXT GENERATION P.A.: DIGITAL TRANSITION FOR AN INNOVATIVE PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION • Responsabile Scientifico: Ferrara Maria Dolores• Dipartimento: Scienze Giuridiche, del Linguaggio, dell’Interpretazione e della Traduzione• Codice Progetto: 20229FBYXS_002• CUP: J53D23005230006• Finaziamento MUR UniTS: 81.644,00 €Abstract: Italy ranks 20th in Europe in terms of the level of digitalization (DESI 2021), due to several factors, including the limited diffusion of digital skills and the low use of advanced technologies. This concerns not only industry and the private sector in general, but especially Public Administration. It is no coincidence, then, that the National Recovery and Resilience Plan (NRRP) acts in coherence with European Union forecasts, identifying concrete and measurable targrets to ensure the digital transformation of Italian Administrations (Digital Italy 2026). At the same time, Mission 1 of the Italian Recovery Plan requires that the digital revolution represent an opportunity to increase productivity, innovation, and employment, guaranteeing broader access to education and culture as well as bridging territorial gaps also through a renewed centrality of the citizen and the worker within the Public Administration.Bearing in mind the plurality of effects of the digital transition on the rules governing the actions of the Public Administration, the research group intends to use a multidisciplinary method declined in two ways: 1) the examination of the research profiles according to the legal sensibilities of administrative law, private law, constitutional law, and labour law; 2) the comparison with experts from other scientific fields (economists and computer scientists) in order to detect the possible regulatory/economic/technological biases that impact on the digital transition of the Administrations.The need for a multidimensional methodological approach arises, precisely, from the breadth of the areas affected by the processes of digitalization, the multiplicity of actors involved and their relative responsibilities, as well as the heterogeneity of the impact on the rights of citizens, workers, businesses and intermediate bodies.The multidimensionality of the methodology is also reflected in the multidisciplinary nature of the goals that the research group intends to pursue: in fact, the activities of the units will be oriented towards the pursuit of two horizontal targets and two transversal targets.In terms of horizontal targets, the research group intends to examine the impact of the rules governing the digital transition on administrative activities and infrastructures (University of Ferrara) as well as on work organization and labour relations in the Public Administration (University of Trieste). The analysis related to these targets will also be carried out through the identification of two targets that cut across the research work of the other units, namely the impact of the digital transition on data protection and, more generally, on the privacy of citizens (University of Chieti-Pescara) and the effects of the digitalization processes on the protection of fundamental rights in terms of digital citizenship and equal opportunities (University of Trieste). Cognitive & emotional pathways to hidden STEM: longitudinal and intervention studies fostering higher educational choices • Responsabile Scientifico: Pellizzoni Sandra• Dipartimento: Scienze della Vita• Codice Progetto: 2022FZ595K_003• CUP: J53D23008020006• Finaziamento MUR UniTS: 61.932,00 €Abstract: Mathematical skills are relevant competences in highly technological societies. Data from the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA), a triennial survey promoted by the OECD which tested 15-year-olds’ academic achievement worldwide, has shown that in Italy 43% of students reported that they feel helpless or very nervous when doing mathematics problems, whereas across OECD countries, on average, 31% of students claims to have these kinds of feelings. Furthermore, Italy, have a large and enduring gender gap in mathematics performance: boys outperform girls by 20 points (500 vs 480 points), while, at international level, the average difference is only 8 points in favour of boys. Based on these data, the research project aims to evaluate cognitive (memory, attention and inhibition) and non-cognitive factors (math anxiety, self-efficacy and ego-resilience) linked to mathematical learning in secondary school students (8th and 9th grade). Furthermore, the proposal will evaluate the effect of an intervention program aimed at promoting the factors underlying mathematical learning with possible effects on performance and the reduction of gender differences in vocational choices. NUMERALS – Numbers and the Undisclosed MEchanisms of their Representation ALong Space • Responsabile Scientifico: Murgia Mauro• Dipartimento: Scienze della Vita• Codice Progetto: 20227N2Y73_001• CUP: J53D23007870006• Finaziamento MUR UniTS: 119.464,00 €Abstract: The project will investigate the SNARC effect and will try to disambiguate the role of order and magnitude, by using a set of numeral-based stimuli that are represented in a descending order by a subsample of people. By using different tasks, the contribution of the verbal and visuo-spatial working memory will be explored, as well as that of expertise with numbers. Italian ColdWar Borders. A new Research Framework on Transformation during Détente • Responsabile Scientifico: Baricci Federico• Dipartimento: Studi Umanistici• Codice Progetto: 2022X7M7XN_003• CUP: J53D23000500006• Finaziamento MUR UniTS: 47.368,00 €Abstract: The period of Détente has shaped European Cold War history dramatically through the process leading to the Final Act of Helsinki in 1975 and the transformation of the divided continent in terms of diplomatic, political, economic and security interactions. Italian Cold War Borders is the first research project, which will address this period of European history in the context of Italian border regions, aiming at the establishment of a new comprehensive research framework for the multidisciplinary history of border regions during the Cold War. Moreover, it will provide an analytical tool for policymakers addressing the development of border regions inside and outside the European Union. Italy shared multiple borders facing the frontier of the Western hemisphere (NATO and the EEC). On the one hand, it controlled areas adjacent to neutral Austria and non-aligned, but socialist Yugoslavia, which were deemed an easy entry point for a Soviet invasion of Western Europe. Moreover, these areas were of crucial importance in a national context, encompassing autonomous regions (Trentino-Alto Adige and Friuli Venezia Giulia) with a strong multiethnic character. Linguistic and identity issues, especially in areas populated by substantial Slavic and German national minorities, had to be tackled in a unique scenario that involved repercussions on an interregional and international scale. Ethnic strife, national and regional/provincial policies, social policies, economic developments, security concerns and military presence were all interlinked. On the other hand, Italy’s exposure to the Mediterranean resulted in specific challenges during the Cold War. In particular, a process of maritime territorialization and increased military presence of Soviet Union and the activism of southern shore states influenced the redefinition and the developing practices for controlling the new Italian maritime frontiers emerged during the détente era. The redefinition of maritime frontiers was accompanied by changes in the nature of maritime security, now influenced by rising terrorism and new criminal networks, using the sea for their illicit activities. Therefore, Italian Cold War Borders will for the first time provide tools for a multidisciplinary approach to Cold War borders and test this approach in various case studies that have the potential to be scaled up (thematically and chronologically) in future projects. Hence, this project addresses the transformation of border regions both politically, socially, militarily and culturally during a specific period of the Cold War. Considering the ramifications of different policies during the period of analysis, the research team of Italian Cold War Borders estimates that all questions related to border policies are interconnected and were based on integrated approaches to security concerns, economic necessities as well as interregional and international challenges. By providing a multidisciplinary tool for research, all units encompassed in this project will benefit from specific expertise in different historical fields and therefore significantly advance our knowledge on border transformation and border policies in the frame of the Italian Republic. Although very different in their development and history, the areas regions under investigation present a certain degree of homogeneity which justifies a common approach: all regions encompassed in this project share a rich common history and were subject to similar developments during the 20th century (e.g. Fascism and National socialism, shifting borders, multiethnic heritage, ethnic strife, forced displacements, security concerns during the Cold War, NATO presence). Moreover, an approach including the Adriatic maritime border will for the first time enable a thorough analysis of security practices and their effects on a broader scale Concentrating on Détente is also a valuable tool for this project. Although international (Austrian-Italian-Yugoslav) Détente experienced a first heyday during the years following the signing of the Memorandum of Understanding on Trieste in 1954 and the Austrian State Treaty in 1955, further rapprochement and the ensuing of deeper international and interregional connections characterized the late 1960s and the 1970s. Nevertheless, in all regions covered by this study sudden and often unexpected outbursts of political controversy across international borders could affect the long-term Détente and pacification of conflicts temporarily, adding instability in a delicate regional scenario. Therefore, in historically multiethnic regions, these effects contributed to developments in all spheres of society and government. Moreover, both land areas covered in this study were subject to militarisation, which ultimately also shaped society and policies. Therefore, this project also aims at linking the experience of the population in (multiethnic) border areas and military presence/security concerns. Concerns regarding military and security problems also defined the construction of the Italian maritime frontiers during the 1970s. Research is needed to analyse the specific context of Mediterranean maritime territorialisation that redefined the Italian maritime borders during détente. The period was characterised by the growth of disputers over the maritime frontiers and the related economic rights. Before the UNCLOS, Italy reached maritime territorial agreements with Yugoslavia (1968), Malta (1970), Tunisia (1971), Spain (1974) and Greece (1977) that defined the borders of the respective EEZs and reduced previous tensions in the Adriatic Sea. Algerian and Libyan opposition to Italian claims led open clashes making the southern Italian maritime frontiers a contested space. Security changes also regarded littoral and port border control. Indeed, port cities represent a border where security and crime control are inherent in port governance, and being is a sub-product of port economics. During the 1970s, the 'container revolution' increased security and crime problems, linking them to how to change the practices of border control within ports and the littoral space. These changes of the détente era transformed the priorities of the Italian security and policing at sea from countering criminality (smuggling) to security problems (naval defence, frontier control, terrorism and arms trafficking). Finally, the period of analysis and the area will be expanded (e.g. through applications for funding on a European level) after the establishment of a new framework for border studies within this project. MiReIL – Migration and Religion in International Law (MiReIL). Research-based Proposals for Inclusive, Resilient, and Multicultural Societies • Responsabile Scientifico: Pascale Giuseppe• Dipartimento: Scienze Politiche e Sociali• Codice Progetto: 202289MEPH_001• CUP: J53D23005190006 • Finaziamento MUR UniTS: 75.582,00 €Abstract: The research project is to be framed in the context of the current Piano nazionale di ripresa e resilienza (PNRR). In particular, it aims at identifying the issues emerging from the interaction between migration and religion, and at proposing innovative and research-based solutions. It will be developed: • according to an international law perspective; • informed by selected interdisciplinary contributions and a solid methodology;• for achieving a concrete impact in a multi-cultural society with increasing social dilemmas.In a globalised world, international norms are key to address the interaction between migration and religion. By combining international law perspective with other – legal, political, and economic – disciplinary standpoints, the project will contribute to understand the underlying dynamics of this interaction and to concretely address daily social problems. The complexity of this multi-dimensional project requires a research team made up of 4 units with longstanding relationships (Trieste; Bologna; La Sapienza; LUISS), ad hoc new staff and a work programme that includes different layers of investigation. In particular:a) the set of international norms protecting the religious freedom of migrants – in the country of origin and in the host country – will be re-assessed according to the proposed original methodology; b) notwithstanding the existence of such international norms, individuals are often persecuted because of their religious belief. The project intends to assess religion as a ground to apply for refugee status in European countries and to offer innovative solutions to decision-makers;c) once arrived in Europe, people frequently face many problems linked to their religion, both as individuals and as members of religious minorities. The project will examine whether and how international law may safeguard such minorities, which is crucial for fostering migrants’ social integration and to avoid subversive radicalisation and other connected phenomena;d) to inform the innovative international law-based solutions that the project aims to advance, all units will involve experts on religious and migration matters from other disciplines as well as practitioners.To carry out this investigation, the institution of a research centre is envisaged. This centre – open to multidisciplinary debates and multi-actorial activities – will ensure: • the monitoring of the relevant international and domestic case law as well as the implementation of pertinent international norms in the domestic orders of countries capable of defining best practices to be possibly followed and implemented also in Italy and, possibly, within the EU; • the coordination between the units with regular meetings; • the dissemination of the project activities; • a continuous high level dialogue in the academic and public domain; • the achievement of proposed results by hosting an advisory board made up of (at least) 4 experts, who will be selected among key academics and stakeholders in this field in order to reflect the range of research activities carried out by the four units. The contribution of Humane Entrepreneurship and Purpose-Driven Companies to reimagine capitalism • Responsabile Scientifico: Bortoluzzi Guido• Dipartimento: Scienze Economiche, Aziendali, Matematiche e Statistiche• Codice Progetto: 20229M9MM8_003• CUP: J53D23004240006• Finaziamento MUR UniTS: 49.908,00 €Abstract: The project deals with Humanae Entrapreneurship in its various facets: organizational, strategic, financial. As regards the Trieste unit, the so-called "microfoundations" of the Humanae Entrapreneurship (HumEnt) will be examined in detail. Microfoundations consist of a large set of heuristics that draw attention to inter-level mechanisms and underline the explanatory importance of the micro-level of human behavior (Felin et al., 2012). According to Eisenhardt et al., (2010: 1263) the "notion of microfoundations links micro concepts to macro concepts and consists of the underlying actions at the individual and group level that shape strategy and organization". Foss and Pedersen (2016) clarify that using micro-foundations it is possible to locate (theoretically and empirically) the proximate causes of a phenomenon (i.e. the explanations of an outcome) at levels of analysis lower than that of the phenomenon itself. MNEMET – Modelling Non-standard data and Extremes in Multivariate Environmental Time series • Responsabile Scientifico: Pappadà Roberta • Dipartimento: Scienze Economiche, Aziendali, Matematiche e Statistiche• Codice Progetto: 20223CEZSR_001• CUP: J53D23009170006• Finaziamento MUR UniTS: 65.175,00 €Abstract: The increasing interest of the scientific community in the development of methods to assess climate change and its impacts in the natural and human system poses new challenging tasks in modern statistics. The newest report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), released on February 28, 2022, highlights that severe climate change impacts are already happening and, in particular, extreme events have become more frequent and intense.Multivariate statistical modelling can provide a fundamental contribution to the environmental research, by allowing the description of complex interactions between the involved variables, where a major focus is on the occurrence of (multivariate) extremes. Following the indications of the Sustainable Development Goals adopted by the United Nations (https://sdgs.un.org/goals) and of the Goal 13 “Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts”, our proposal aims at investigating several challenging aspects of spatial and temporal modelling, dealing with specific features of environmental data. MNEMET considers three methodological issues in the multivariate time series framework, which will be addressed in three work packages. First, the project will investigate how to model asymmetry and heavy tails in high-dimensional time series problems, going beyond the usual assumption of Gaussian structural shocks. Advances along this direction allow the description of complex relationships between different weather variables, the price of energy commodities and price of permits. Second, the dependence between time series, i.e. the cross-dependence, will be investigated as it represents a relevant open issue, especially in a multivariate setting where much of the research focused on serial dependence and flexible measures that account for non linear and non Gaussian dependence have not developed yet. The proposed methods will be exploited to analyse possibly highly cross-sectionally correlated climate time series concerning Italian Regions with the aim of understand the recent co-evolution of environmental phenomena. Finally, our proposal will also investigate spatial-temporal dependence that naturally arises in environmental research, especially when the interest is modelling extreme events. Alternative approaches will be considered, namely, flexible dynamic panel regression models that account for cross-sectional dependence in the panel, and a copula-based approach to describe possible complex tail behaviours. The project will investigate the impact of pollutants on precipitation extremes, by using both areal and high-frequency point data. Methodological findings will be exploited to derive reliable forecasts of extreme events and investigate air quality evolution. MNEMET will improve the current literature by providing novel statistical and econometric approaches to deal with non-standard and extreme events. L’autonomia privata nella pianificazione successoria europea • Responsabile Scientifico: Ballerini Luca• Dipartimento: Scienze Giuridiche, del Linguaggio, dell’Interpretazione e della Traduzione• Codice Progetto: 2022S8PLB5_003• CUP: J53D23005900006• Finaziamento MUR UniTS: 48.516,00 €Abstract: The project aims at studying the role of private autonomy in estate planning, through a multidisciplinary approach (i.e., from Civil Law, Comparative Law and Commercial Law perspectives). The goal is to elaborate, through a comparison with other legal systems, guidelines and common principles to be applied at the European level in key areas of the modern Succession Law. Ultimo aggiornamento Ultimo aggiornamento: 14-02-2025 PNRR - Ricerca Progetti PRIN 2022 - PNRR Progetti PRIN 2022